approaches: the psychodynamic approach

Question 1

the role of the unconscious?

Answer 1

driving force behind our behaviour, it protects the conscious from anxiety, repressed memories drive our behaviour, the underlying unconscious drive is sexual

Question 2

tripartite structure of personality?

Answer 2

ID, ego, superego

Question 3

ID?

Answer 3

driving us to satisfy selfish urges, pleasure principle, from birth

Question 4

ego?

Answer 4

acts rationally, balancing ID and supergo, reality principle, 2-4 yrs

Question 5

superego?

Answer 5

concerned with keeping to moral norms, attempts to control ID with guilt

Question 6

defence mechanisms?

Answer 6

repression, displacement, denial

Question 7

repression?

Answer 7

burying unpleasant thought like traumatic childhood memory

Question 8

displacement?

Answer 8

emotions directed away from source toeards other things

Question 9

denial?

Answer 9

threatening thought is ignored or treated as if not true

Question 10

psychosexual stages?

Answer 10

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 11

oral?

Answer 11

sucking behaviour, focus is mouth, 0-18mths = smoking, biting nails

Question 12

anal?

Answer 12

holding or discarding faeces, focus on anus, 18-3.5yrs = anal retensive (perfectionist), anal expulsive (thoughtless)

Question 13

phallic?

Answer 13

focus is genital area, oedipus/ electra complex, 3.4-6yrs = phallic personality (reckless)

Question 14

latency?

Answer 14

represses sexual urges, 6-puberty

Question 15

genital?

Answer 15

awakene sexual urges, pubery = difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 16

oedipus complex?

Answer 16

boy attracted to mother and jealous of father, anxious his father is aware and will castrate him, torn between desire + fear, gives up feelings and becomes closer to father, moral views forming superego. this is normal and healthy and leads to men having stronger superego

Question 17

electra complex?

Answer 17

during phallic: girl desires her father + realises she does not have a penis- penis envy, resolved by girl repressing desire for father and wishes for a baby

Question 18

case studies?

Answer 18

cases were of patients with which he used psychoanalysis, aim was to bring unconcious mental activity to the conscious to release anxiety, using free association + dream interpretation.

Question 19

little hans?

Answer 19

boy (3-5), qualitative data gathered by his father through observations, he came up with oedipus complex and his fear was manifested in horses particularly those with dark around their mouth- symbolises fathers beard

Question 20

idiographic?

Answer 20

seeks to spend more time with individual gathering info, but evidence is difficult to generalise to wider populations

Question 21

nomothetic?

Answer 21

seeks to perform experiments to gain data on personality

Question 22

not scientific?

Answer 22

can’t observe the contructs directly