biopsychology: nervous system + hormones

Question 1

what are the divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

peripheral + central

Question 2

peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

transmits information to and from the cns

Question 3

central nervous system?

Answer 3

concerned with all life functions and psychological processes

Question 4

what are the divisions of the peripheral?

Answer 4

somatic + autonomic

Question 5

what are the divisions of the cns?

Answer 5

spinal cord + brain

Question 6

somatic nervous system?

Answer 6

transmits information to and from senses + to and from cns.
external,
uses sensory + motor neurons,
conscious

Question 7

autonomic nervous system?

Answer 7

transmits information to and from organs to sustain life processes.
internal,
motor neurons,
non conscious,

Question 8

what are the divisions of autonomic?

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 9

generally increases bodily activities, fight or flight

Question 10

parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

generally maintains or decreases bodily activities, rest and digest

Question 11

the brain?

Answer 11

control centre, made up of lobes + hemispheres, in charge of thinking

Question 12

the spinal cord?

Answer 12

carries messages + reflex actions, nerve fibres connect all over body

Question 13

sensory neurons?

Answer 13

electrical impulses from receptors to the cns ( sausage + egg )

Question 14

relay neurons?

Answer 14

electrical impulses between sensory + motor ( egg )

Question 15

motor neurons?

Answer 15

electrical impulses from the cns to effectors ( sausage )

Question 16

what is the stimulus + response sequence?

Answer 16

stimulus > receptors > cns > sensory > relay > motor > effectors > response

Question 17

how does the synapse work?

Answer 17

electrical impulses travels from axon to pre synaptic knob > which stimulates vesicles to move to gap > n.t diffuse across gap > n.t bind to specific receptor on post synaptic knob > n.t stimulate post synaptic knob or make axon fire

Question 18

how does summation work for excitatory?

Answer 18

excitatory n.t cause an electrical change in membrane of cells which results in excitatory postsynaptic potential (epsp).
they put Na+ into the post synapse (depolarisation)

Question 19

how does summation work for inhibitory?

Answer 19

inhibitory n.t cause an electrical change in the membrane of the cell which results in inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
this makes post synapse more negative, K+ leaves the synapse (hyperpolarise)

Question 20

what is the result of summation?

Answer 20

if excitatory the cell fires, it inhibitory it doesn’t fire.
(EPSP - IPSP = + (fires) - (not fire))

Question 21

what is the endocrine system?

Answer 21

network of glands that manufacture and secrete chemical messengers + hormones using blood vessels to transfer messages to target sites

Question 22

what does the endocrine system control?

Answer 22

growth, sexual development, how the body uses and stores energy, illness

Question 23

what is the endocrine system controlled by?

Answer 23

the hypothalamus

Question 24

pituitary gland?

Answer 24

the gland works on feedback from the body, it releases growth hormones into the blood to cause physiological changes, also releases ACTH to adrenal cortex when stressed to make cortisol, stores oxytocin in hypothalmus to release when giving birth

Question 25

what does the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 25

adrenaline, which speeds up heart rate and breathing rate, the brain becomes hyperactive and digestion slows down

Question 26

what do the testes produce?

Answer 26

testosterone, linked to aggresion and puberty in men

Question 27

what does the thyroid produce?

Answer 27

thyroxine, increases heart rate and metabolic rates

Question 27

what do the ovaries produce?

Answer 27

progesterone, gets uterus ready for birth

Question 28

what does the pineal gland produce?

Answer 28

melatonin, regulates the wake - sleep cycle

Question 29

what is the sympathomedullary pathway?

Answer 29

stressors > activates hypothalmus > arouses sypathetic branch of autonomic > arouses adrenal medulla > releases adrenaline to prepare body for fight or flight

Question 30

what symptoms does the fight or flight cause?

Answer 30

+ heart rate, + blood pressure, dry mouth, pupils dilate, blood goes to limbs, digestion stops, bladder relaxes, + breathing, liver produces glucose, heightened emotions

Question 31

why does fight or flight cause those symptoms?

Answer 31

prepares body for action