research methods Flashcards
types of content analysis
- formal (quantitative)
- informal (qualitative)
Gatlung and Rouge’s news values
- Extraordinariness
- Threshold (big size events)
- Unambiguity (simplicity)
- Personalisation
- Negativity
2 types of official statistics
- soft statistics
- hard statistics
4 types of interviews
- structured
- unstructured
- semi-structured
- group
2 types of experiments
- lab experiments
- field experiments
2 types of variables and what are they?
- independent variable (changed by the sociologist)
- dependent variable (usually what we study)
7 types of questions
- Closed ended
- Open ended
- Yes / no
- Multiple choice
- Multiple options
- Scaled question
- Other questions
8 practical factors
- personal interests
- personal characteristics
- cost
- funding
- time
- access
- opportunity
- relevance
5 ethical factors
- informed consent
- confidentiality & privacy
- effects on participants
- vulnerable group
- covert issues
8 Theoretical factors
- bias
- objectivity
- reliability
- representativeness
- genealisability
- validity
- verstehen
- theoretical view of society
John Scott - 4 ways of assessing documents
- authenticity (is it what it claims to be?
- credibility (is it sincere?)
- representativeness (is the content similar to the one found in similar documents?)
- meaning (isn’t it misinterpreted?)
4 types of random sampling and what are they?
- random (using randomiser)
- systematic (every Nth name on the list)
- stratified (divide people by characteristics and choose randomly)
- cluster (people devided into groups and random sample of these selected)
5 types of non-random sampling and what are they?
- quota (specific number of particular types of people)
- snowball (meeting more and more people through people)
- purposive (targeting specific individuals you wish to sample)
- volunteer (people who wish to participate
- opportunity (choose people based on how they look like)
who argued social human behaviour should be studied in the same way as natural science?
Auguste Comte
what is hypothetico-inductive method?
conduct a research and then induce the hypothesis
what is hypothetico-deductive method?
conduct a research to prove the hypothesis
what is imposition problem?
forcing into boxes
3 types of questionnaires
- self-completion
- postal
- interview
types of observations
- participant observation
- non-participant observation
- structured observation (sociologist has a number of categories and record how they occur)
what is interviewer bias?
when the interviewer might ask leading questions
3 types of documents
- public
- personal
- historical
