1. MEDIA SOCIOLOGISTS (GENDER) Flashcards
Who argued women are poorly represented in the media?
Tuchman
Who argued the representations of women are biased as they are often depicted as busy housewives?
Tunstall
Who found that 84% of reporters and guests on BBC radio 4 were men?
Martinson
Which organisation found that radio stations play female acts 5-15% of the time?
Why not her? Collective
Who found that during 2012 Olympics just 4.5% of articles related to women’s sports?
Packer
Who argued most TV shows started including predominantly female casts? (Postmodernist)
Gauntlett
Who argued that female bodies are in the constant need of improvement? - the beauty myth
Wolf
Who argued the male gaze?
Mulvey
Who argued that music industry is guilty of sexually objectifying women?
Laura Bates
Who argues that slimness = success?
Orbach
Who argued that 5 minute exposure to thin images result in low self-esteem?
Banyard
Who argued 21s century media is aimed at young women? (Postmodernism)
Gauntlett
Who found that in most video games there are no female charaters or they are portrayed as sex objects?
Dietz
Who found that male characters speak twice as much as female?
Rennick
Who argued that women’s participation in communities such as mumsnet reinforces the notion that women should perform the emotion work for the family?
Green and Singleton
Who’s the example of female MPs receiving sexist abuse?
Diane Abbott
Who argued that in new media women are the most empowered and the internet can potentially destabilise patriarchy?
Green and Singleton
Which charity found that boys’ percpetion of masculinity representations showed that representations haven’t changed?
Children Now
Which charity outlined 6 stereotypes of male characters? What are these stereotypes?
Children Now
1. Joker - laughter = masculinity
2. Jock - powerful and strong despite the threat to health
3. Strong, silent type - focuses on being in charge (e.g. James Bond)
4. Big shot - economically powerful and socially successful
5. Action hero - aggressive (e.g. Hulk)
6. Buffoon - father figure with parenting issues (e.g. Hopper)
Who found that 20% of media representations of masculinity focus on fashion (positive)
McNamara
Who argued that men’s magazines such as ‘men’s health’ transmit metrosexual values? (Postmodernism)
Gauntlett
Who argued that media presents a view of masculinity based on aggression, strength, competition and violence?
Easthorpe
Who argued that media failed to portray the reality of masculine life and 80% of male representations were negative, showing them as violent?
McNamara
Which campaign striked against magazines portraying women as sex objects?
The lose the lads’ mags
Who argued the ‘retributive masculinity’ - an attempt to reclaim traditional masculinity?
Rutherford
Who argued that the role of men’s style magazines is to encourage spending?
Edwards
Encouraging spending amongst male and female readers is called commodity fetishism and creates false needs. Who argued this? (Marxism)
Adorno
