Education 1 Flashcards
4 key areas of Functionalism and sociologists
- social solidarity - durkeim
- specialist skills and knowledge - durkheim
- bridge between home and society - parsons
- meritocracy and role allocation - davis and moore
4 key ares of Marxism and sociologists
- Ideological State Apparatus - althusser
- education creates a passive workforce - bowles and gintis
- Myth of meritocracy - bowles and gintis
- Neo-Marxism - learning to labour - willis
what is symbolic violence?
working class lacks cultural capital to succeed
what is the correspondence principle?
there’s a correspondence between school relationships and structures at work that teaches pupils norms and values preparing them to be exploited
any 3 correspondence principles
- authority hierarchy - hierarchy at work
- school rules, detentions - conformity to society’s laws
- competitions, sports - competing for jobs
- respect for teachers - respect for suthorities
- punctuality - time-keeping at work
- boring schoolwork - boring job
- lack of control over the subjects - lack of power at work
- grading by ability - difference in pay
Paul Willis’s study (n of boys)
learning to labour (12)
4 key areas of New Right
- Marketisation
- Parentocracy
- Consumer choice
- Meritocracy
4 advantages of free market system
- Individual freedom
- Efficiency
- Innovation
- Economic growth
New Right policies (marketisation)
- League tables (GCSEs A-levels)
- National curriculum
- Ofsted
- Formula funding
- open enrolment
why parentocracy favours middle class
middle class can afford to move to the area with better state schools so the schools whose admissions are based on geographical catchment area don’t reject them
what did Chubb and Moe do?
compared the achievemnts of low income students.
- eduaction is not meritocratic
- poor pupils do 5% better in private schools
- introduced a voucher system
4 key areas of postmodernism
- consumer based society
- rise in cultural diversity and hybridity
- fragmented society
- hyperreal society
the butler act
- 1944
- all children took 11+
- grammar schools
- technical schools
- secondary modern schools
comprehensive system
- 1965
- schools are controlled by local education authorities LEAs
- streaming
the new right government’s education act
- 1988
- league tables
- national curriculum
- ofsted
- formula funding
- open enrolment
new labour’s policies aimed at improving standards
- student loans
- increased number of places in universities
- tougher Ofsted inspections
- extension of school career from 4 to 18
- class size reduced to 30
- literacy and numeracy hour
- academies
policies by the new labour aimed at improving equality of opportunity
- education action zones = extra funding for schools in deprived areas
- sure start centes = 12hr a week nursery provision for children 2-4
- EMA = 30$ a week to encourage low income students (16-18) to stay in education for longer
new labour’s policies aimed at increasing diversity
- specialist schools
- child-centred learning
- faith schools (expanded)
impact of the new labour’s policies on the standards
- SATs and GCSEs have improved
- established a learning society whereby the education is more valued
impact of the new right government’s policies on the standards
- national curriculum - broader curriculum provided
- 30% more students are meeting government’s requirement of 5 GCSEs 9-4
the coalition’s policies
- spending cuts to reduce taxes
- cuts the EMA
- increasing the academies
- adding free schools
- pupil premium = 900$ per pupil for deprived children
what’s the marxist evaluation against academies?
Academies enable those with money to shape the curriculum
social class and achievement - 3 external factors
- Material deprivation - Gibson and Asthana
- Cultural deprivation
- Cultural capital
social class and achievement - 5 internal factors
- school type and ethos
- labelling
- subcultures
- streaming, banding, setting
- marketisation
