Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 105 > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what are the steps in the scientific method?

A
  1. identify the question
  2. gather info, form hypothesis
  3. test hypothesis
  4. analyse data, draw conclusions, report findings
  5. build body of knowledge, repeat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fact vs theory

A

Fact: An objective statement, based on direct observation
Theory: a hypothetical account of how/why something occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hypothesis

A

Hypothesis: specific, testable prediction made by a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

conceptual vs operational definitions

A

Conceptual definition: ‘what does it mean?’ dictionary definition
Operational definition: HOW something is measured/manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the problem with observing behavior

A

Hawthorne effect: being observed may affect behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of observing behavior (3)

A
  1. HABITUATION: losing intensity over time
  2. UNOBTRUSIVE MEASURES: measures recorded in a way that keeps participants unaware of certain responses being recorded
  3. ARCHIVAL MEASURES: records or documents that already exist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are physiological measures

A

heart rate, sweat, neuroimaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of sampling

A

Random sampling: every member of population has an equal probability at being chosen
Representative sample: reflects the important characteristic of population
Convenience sampling: availability and not randomness (most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

qualitative vs quantitative research

A

Qualitative research: uses non-numerical data
Quantitative research: uses numerical data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is descriptive research

A

Descriptive research: seeks to identify how humans and animals behave (case study, naturalistic observation, survey research)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

correlational research

A

when a researcher examines the relationships between 2+ variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

a statistical value that indicates the direction and strength of the relation between 2 variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IV vs DV

A

IV: factor that is manipulated/controlled by researcher (CAUSE)
DV: factor that is measured and may be influenced by IV (EFFECT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Counterbalancing

A

arranging a series of experimental conditions or treatments in such a way as to minimize the influence of extraneous factors

-“attempt to REDUCE OR AVOID CARRYOVER effects and order effects”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Practice effect vs Fatigue effect

A

Practice effect: performance will get better
Fatigue effect: performance will get worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spillover effect & Habituation

A

Spillover effect: effects of 1 condition will ‘spillover’ to another
Habituation: conditions will lose their effect

17
Q

reliability vs validity

A

Reliability: a measurement produces the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing
(GROUPING)
Validity: the characteristics of an observation that allows accurate inferences; does it measure/predict what we need it to?
(BULLSEYE)

18
Q

types of reliability (3)

A
  1. TEST-RETEST reliability: when the assessment is CONSISTANT at DIFFERENT points in TIME
  2. INTERRATER reliability: when assessments from different researchers are CONSISTANT (gymnastic judges scores being fairly similar across the board)
  3. INTERNAL reliability: when items WITHIN an assessment are considered
19
Q

types of validity (5)

A
  1. FACE : when a measure assesses what it is meant to measure
  2. CONTENT : when the measure assesses ALL PARTS possible (ex; an exam that covers as much of the content as possible)
  3. CONVERGENT : when the measure CORRELATES more STRONGLY with similar/same constructs (+ or -)
  4. DISCRIMINANT : when the measure CORRELATES WEAKLY or not at all with the distinct constructs
  5. EXTERNAL : the degree to which the results of a study can be GENERALIZED to other populations, settings, and condition
20
Q

what are confounding variables

A

a variable that can affect the relationship between the IV and the DV
-Weakens/eliminates any causal claims (poor internal validity)

21
Q

single vs double blind studies

A

Single-blind study: when participants do not know the true purpose of the study/which type of treatments they are receiving (reduces likelihood is placebo effect)
Double blind procedures: where both researcher and participants don’t know which condition the participant is in

PSYCH 105 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions