ethical issues, human & non-human Flashcards
Guidelines for human dignity
the welfare and integrity of the individual takes priority over all else i human research
Respect for free and informed consent
individuals are presumed to have capacity and right to make free and informed decisions
what is informed consent
a written agreement to participate in a study made by a person who has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail
Respect for Vulnerable Persons
Protocols are required to follow special procedures to ensure that the interests of vulnerable participants are protected
-May involve witnesses and/or consent of a caregiver/ guardian
Respect for Privacy and Confidentiality
Protect the access, control and dissemination of personal information
-Obtaining informed consent, informing subjects of their right to not share any information, and keeping records safe and anonymous
Respect for Justice and Inclusiveness
Requirement for fair methods, standards, and procedures for reviewing research protocols through an independent process.
-Also fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research
Balancing Harms and Benefits
Foreseeable harms should not outweigh the anticipated benefits of research
Minimizing HARM
research participants must not be subjected to unnecessary risks of harm
Maximizing BENEFIT
human research is intended to produce benefits for the individual participants, for other individuals, or for society as whole, or for the advancement of knowledge
Deception
when the independent variable involves a lie (cover story)
Debriefing
a verbal description of the true nature and purpose of a study that psychologists provide to people after they have participated in the study
non-human ethical issues 3 Rs
- Replacement: do not use animals if possible
- Reduction: use as few animals as possible (small sample size)
- Refinement: procedures and materials should cause as minimal discomfort as possible (chasing animal with a net instead of a predator)
