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BMS3052 > Research in medicine > Flashcards

Research in medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Define evidence based medicine

A

Critical use of best evidence to make decisions about patient care

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2
Q

EBM is the intersection of which 3 factors

A

Best available research evidence
Clinical expertise (health professional knowledge)
Patient values/preferences

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3
Q

Study design evidence hierarchy: weakest to strongest evidence?

A 
Editorials/expert opinion 
Case series/reports
Case control studies 
Cohort studies 
RCTs
Systematic reviews
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4
Q

Synthesised evidence hierarchy: weakest to strongest?

A

Studies (original journal article)
Synopses of studies (EBM journal abstract)
Synthesis (systematic reviews)
Synopsis of synthesis (systematic review abstracts)
Summaries (EBM summaries and clinical guidelines)
Systems (computerised decision support systems)

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5
Q

5 types of systematic reviews

A 
Intervention 
Diagnostic test accuracy 
Prognostic
Methodological
Qualitative
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6
Q

Do you need to know the steps of a systematic review?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Do you need to know the difference between a systematic review and a narrative/literature review

A

Yes

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8
Q

NHPAs: who made?

A

Australian Health Minister’s Advisory Council between 1996-2012

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9
Q

NHPAs: acronym and what are they?

A 
A DAD COMIC 
Arthritis and MSK conditions 
Diabetes mellitus 
Asthma 
Dementia 
Cancer control 
Obesity 
Mental health 
Injury prevention and control 
Cardiovascular health
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10
Q

NHPAs were replaced by what?

How did its approach differ?

A

National Strategic Framework for Chronic Coniditions

Rather than focusing on one diease, manages/prevents shared underlying risk factors

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11
Q

Do you need to know about 5 ways that biomedical research betters the world

A

Yes

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12
Q

Do you need to know about Australians’ attitudes towards biomedical science?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Do you need to know funding statistics?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Main differences in funding sources in America and Australia?

A

In America, mainly from industry. In Australia, mainly from gov
More philanthropic in America vs Australia

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15
Q

Health spending over time in Australia vs America

  • Similarities
  • Difference
  • Life expectancy
A

Both increase over time.

More spending in America vs Australia, despite Australia having a higher life expectancy

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16
Q

5 reasons for escalating health costs?

A 
Ageing population 
Increased demand for services 
Chronic diseases
Consumer expectations
New health technologies
17
Q

2 reasons why it takes so long for drugs to get developed?

A

Due to the various regulatory stages

Because it costs money for drugs to be developed

18
Q

Do you need to know what the clinical trial stages are?

A

Yes

19
Q

Most cost occurs in phase _ and _ clinical trials

A

3 and 4

20
Q

Return on investement statistics - do you need to know

A

Yes

21
Q

5 ways of reducing time of clinical translation

A 
Removing red tape 
Better collaboration 
More resources 
Have researchers/clinicians working in parallel 
Less focus on mechanisms
22
Q

What is negative data

A

Data that is non significant

23
Q

Why might researchers not publish negative data.

What is a consequence of this??

A

Because they need to compete for positions and funding

24
Q

Define: reproducibility

A

When consistent results are obtained, when the same method is used

25
Q

What 4 factors can lead to irreproducible data

A

Poor experimental design –> false positives
Failing to report all data
Publish or perish
Decreased funding

26
Q

Do you need to know why there is a lack of reproducibility in translation from animal models to humans

A

Yes

27
Q

Do you need to know Research Australia’s strategic plan for biomedical research

A

Yes

28
Q

In 2007, the NHMRC, the Australian Research Council and Universities Australia relaesed the

A

Australian Code for Responsible Conduct of Research

29
Q

Purpose of the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research

A

Describe the values of good research practice

Provide institutions a framework to resolve allegations of research misconduct

30
Q

Do you need to know examples of breaches to research integrity?

A

Yes

31
Q

Animal ethics committees approve application to use animals in

A

Research and teaching

32
Q

Do you need to know what laws/codes Monash adheres to in terms of animal ethics

A

Yes

33
Q

Do you need to know what the membership of an animal ethics committee is

A

Yes

34
Q

Do you need to know what factors AECs assess

A

Yes

35
Q

3 ways to use less animals?

A

Reduce
Refine (modify experimental procedures to reduec pain)
Replace

36
Q

Do you need to know:

  • types of animals used by state
  • severity of procedure by state
  • types of diseases studies
A

Yes Do yo uneed to know uses of non human primate research?

37
Q

Ebola vaccine was tested in

A

non human primates

38
Q

Do you need to know about regulations for stem cell research

A

Yes

BMS3052 (15 decks)

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