Neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards
Do you need to know statistics on the number of neurons, synapses, and the rate of neuron/synapse development?
Yes
Do you need to know about embryonic development up to neurulation?
Yes
Neurulation: what happens at the end of week 3? what happens at the end of week for?
notocord induces formation of neural plate; separate from rest of ectoderm. Folding begins.
Folding finishes
Do you need to know the primary/secondary vesicles and their corresponding adult brain structures?
Yes
Do you need to know about proliferation, migration, aggregation, differentiation, circuit formation, pruning
Yes
Do you need to know about radial vs tangential migration
Yes
Do you need to know brain changes by developmental stsage (embryonic, fetal, at birth, infant, adolescent)
Yes
Define: critical period
Time in brain dev where neural circuits responsible for a process can be radically changed by the environment
What are the 3 critical periods
Senses
Language
Higher cognitino
Describe the closing of these critical periods
Do successive waves allow a child to acquire increasingly complex skills?
For senses, closes tightly.
For language and higher cognition, doesn’t completely close.
Yes
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from abnormal _____ ______
Do ND disorders have both genetic and environmental component?
Are most neurodevelopmental disorders highly heritable?
Are most ND disorders polygenic?
When is impairment usually detected?
Brain development Yes Yes Yes Birth, childhood, adolesence
Examples of monogenetic NDDs
Angelman’s syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
GABA receptors are expressed on _____ _____ ___
tonic GABA release stimulates and guides the migration of ________ _____
Neural progenitor eells
Projection neurons
During embryonic and early postnatal development, what is GABAs effect on postsynaptic targets? Why?
This GABA induced current helps with what?
Depolarises.
Higher intracellular concentration of Cl-
Helps generate synchronised patters of activity of developing networds - fundamental to the maturation of neuronal circuits.
Desynchronisation of spontaneous network activity coincides with what?
Increased influence of sensory experience
