Neurodevelopmental disorders: autism Flashcards
Before 2013, what were the 3 diagnoses?
Asperger’s syndrome
Autistic disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
Do you need to know the criteria of these 3?
Yes
Do you need to now DSM5 vs ICD10 criteria
Yes
Do you need to know % with intellectual disability, language disorders, epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disroders, OCD, motor disorder
Yes
What % of genes are heritable
90%
Results of genetic linkage studies identifying inherited chromosomal regions?
Inconclusive
Do you need to know susceptibility genes
Yes
Describe contribution fo single nucleotide variants
Many, but low risk
What are the 4 categories of risk factors?
Infection/immune dysfunction
Endocrine factors
Obstetric factors
Maternal exposure
Do you need to know about the risk factors within each category
Yes
What are the 3 theories of ASD causes
Impeded plasticity
Excitation/inhibition dysregulation
Theory of mind
Role of oxytocin in excitation/inhibiton
At birth, oxytocin mediates sudden short reduction in [Cl-], making GABA switch from excitatory to inhibitory
Role of oxytocin in behaviour? Levels on autistic children? Therapy?
Sociability hormone
Lower in autistic children
Intranasal oxytocin
Autistic brain volume in <5 year old? in 6-8 year old?
Brain enlargementment
Increased brain volume disappears
Do you need to know for the factors accounting for changes in brain growth?
yYes
