research ethics

Question 1

nuremburg code

Answer 1

-raised awarness on Nazi expirementation
-first ethical guideline on human research: avoid harm, consent, justify harm, qualified individuals

Question 2

belmont report

Answer 2

-written by the national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavior research
-respect for subjects
-beneficience
-justice

Question 3

respect for persons

Answer 3

-respect autonom
-protect those with diminished autonomy
-informed consent

Question 4

benefience and nonmaleficience in the belmont report

Answer 4

-maximise benefits
-minimize harms

Question 5

justice in the belmont report

Answer 5

-balance harm to individuals with benefit of society
-harms and benefit should be equally distributed

Question 6

Common rule

Answer 6

-based on belmont report
-adopted by several federal agencies: dept. of health and human services

Question 7

primary function of an institutional review board (IRB)

Answer 7

protect the rights and welfare of human
subjects

Question 8

criteria for IRB approval

Answer 8

1)risk to subject is minimized
2)risks resonable in relation to benefits
-top 2 for beneficience
3)subject selection equitable: JUSTICE
4)Informed consent obtained and documented: autonomy
5)data monitoring:
6)privacy and data confidentiality: AUTONOMY and FIDELITY
7) Vulnerable populations protected: autonomy and justice

Question 9

similarities between the Nuremburg Code, Belmont Report, and Common Rule

Answer 9

minimization of harm, informed consent, and benefit of research that
outweighs the harm