Research/ EBP Flashcards
Nominal scale
Classifies variables into two or more mutually exclusive categories based on a common set of characteristics
Ordinal scale
Classifies and ranks variables or score in terms of the degree to which they possess a common characteristic
Interval scale
Classifies and ranks variables or scores based on predetermined equal intervals (does not have a true zero)
Ratio scale
Classifies and ranks variables or scores based on equal intervals and a true zero point
Regression equation
Predicts how much the dependent variable will change given a specific change in the independent variable
Null hypothesis
States that no relationship exists between variable
Null hypothesis rejected
Significant difference was observed between groups or treatments
Null hypothesis accepted
No significant difference was observed between groups or treatments
Research hypothesis
Relationship between variables exists and manipulating the independent variable will bring about a change in the dependent variable (may be directional or nondirectional)
Face validity
Assumption of validity based on the appearance of an instrument as a reasonable measure of a variable
Internal validity
Degree to which the observed differences on the dependent variable are the direct result of manipulation of the independent variable
External validity
Degree to which the results are generalizable to individuals or environmental settings outside the experimental study
Content validity
Degree to which an instrument measures an intended content area
Concurrent validity
Degree to which scores on one test are related to the scores on another criterion test (usually the gold standard)
Hawthorne effect
Subjects knowledge of participation in an experiment influences the results of a study
Sensitivity
Tests ability to identify a true positive
Specificity
Tests ability to correctly identify a true negative
Predictive value
Tests ability to estimate the likelihood that an individual will test positive or negative for a target condition
Sensitive tests
Rule out a condition when the test is negative and the condition is not present
SnNOut
specific tests
Rule a condition in when the test is positive and the condition is present
SpPin
Type I error
Null hypothesis is REJECTED and it is TRUE
Type II error
Null hypothesis is ACCEPTED and it is FALSE
Evidence level I
Based on SR of high quality RCTs
Evidence level II
Based on SRs of lower-level RCTs
Evidence level III
Based on SR of non randomized controlled cohort studies
Evidence level IV
Based on case series studies
Evidence level V
Based on expert opinion
Likelihood ratio
> 10 is amazing
