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NPTE > Neuro- DDx > Flashcards

Neuro- DDx Flashcards

1
Q

UMN tone

A

Hypertonia

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2
Q

UMN reflexes

A

Hyperreflexia, abnormal reflexes (clonus)

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3
Q

UMN sensation

A

Decreased

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4
Q

UMN voluntary movements

A

Synergic patterns

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5
Q

LMN tone

A

Hypotonia

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6
Q

LMN reflexes

A

Hyporeflexia or absent

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7
Q

LMN sensation

A

Decreased

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8
Q

LMN involuntary movements

A

Denervation-fasciculations

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9
Q

LMN voluntary movements

A

Weak or absent

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10
Q

basal ganglia tone

A

Rigidity (increase in tone, not velocity dependent)

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11
Q

Basal ganglia reflexes

A

Decreased or normal

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12
Q

Basal ganglia involuntary movements

A

Resting tremors (pill rolling)

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13
Q

Basal ganglia voluntary movements

A

Bradykinesia, akinesia

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14
Q

Cardinal signs of PD

A

“TRAP”
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural Instability

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15
Q

H&Y I

A

Minimal or absent; unilateral if present

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16
Q

H&Y II

A

Minimal bilateral or midline involvement; balance not impaired

17
Q

H&Y III

A

Impaired righting reflexes; BALANCE affected

18
Q

H&Y IV

A

All symptoms present and severe; standing and walking possible only with assistance.

19
Q

H&Y V

A

Confined to bed or wheelchair

20
Q

PD other signs and symptoms q

A
  • early loss of smell
  • constipation
  • mask-like phase
  • OH
  • restrictive lung disease
  • depression
  • dementia
21
Q

On phase levodopa

A

Dyskinesia

22
Q

Off phase levodopa

A

Dystonia

23
Q

MS

A

Progressive demyelination of neurons in the CNS (lack of communication between brain and body)

24
Q

MS cranial nerve involvement

A

CN V; optic neuritis, trigeminal neuralgia

25
Q

Unique signs and symptoms of MS

A
  • Lhermitte’s
  • Uhthoff’s
  • Charcot’s
  • CN II
26
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

“SIN”
Scanning speech
Intention tremor
Nystagmus

27
Q

Progressive relapsing

A

Steady increase in disability with superimposed attacks

28
Q

Secondary progressive

A

Initially RR, symtpoms increase without periods of remission

29
Q

Primary progressive

A

Steady increas in disability without attacks/exacerbations

30
Q

Relapse remitting

A

Short duration attacks with full or partial recovery, may or may not leave lasting symptoms/deficits

31
Q

ALS

A

UMN + LMN
Death of motor neuron (sensation intact)

32
Q

ALS signs and symptoms

A
  • muscle atrophy, fasciculations
    -spasticity, hyperrreflexia
  • Dysphagia, dysarthria (bulbar)
  • pseudobulbar affect (emotional lability)
  • cervical spine extensor weakness
  • respiratory muscle weakness
33
Q

GBS

A

LMN
Autoimmune (after an infection)
Acute inflammatory demyelination

34
Q

GBS signs and symptoms

A

G- gloves and stocking
B- bilateral
S- symmetrical

  • decreased reflexes/areflexia
    -fatigue
35
Q

GBS cranial nerve involvement

A

VII, IX, X, XI, XII

NPTE (23 decks)

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