Neuro- Anatomy Flashcards
precentral gyrus function
voluntary muscle activation
prefrontal cortex function
emotions and judgement
broca’s area lobe
frontal
broca’s area function
motor aspects of speech
postcentral gyrus function
integration of sensation
temporal lobe functions
hearing
language comprehension
wernicke’s
wernicke’s area lobe
temporal
occipital lobe functions
primary visual cortex
visual association cortex
caudate loop of the BG function
saccadic eye movements
putamen loop of the BG function
scale and amplitude and velocity of movements; reinforces selected pattern, suppresses conflicting patterns; preparatory for movement
limbic circuit of the BG function
organize behaviors and procedural learning
hypothalamus function
controls autonomic NS and neuroendocrine system; maintains body homeostasis
epithalamus pineal gland function
influences circadian rhythm
parietal lobe function
perceptual disorders (unilateral neglect- opp side of body)
sensory loss
anterior horns of central gray matter
give rise to efferent (motor) neurons
posterior horns of central gray matter
contain afferent (sensory) neurons with cell bodies in the DRG
DCML system
proprioception, vibration, and tactile discrimination
spinothalamic tracts function
convey pain and temp (lateral) and crude touch (anterior)
spinocerebellar tracts function
convey proprioception information from muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, and touch and pressure receptors
spinoreticular tracts function
convey deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brainstem
corticospinal tract function
voluntary motor control
vestibulospinal tract function
control of muscle tone, antigravity muscles, and postural reflexes
rubrospinal tract function
assist in motor function/ coordination
tectospinal tract function
assists in head-turning responses to visual stimuli
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
stretch/myotactic reflex
stimulated by muscle stretch; functions for maintenance of muscle tone, support agonist muscle contraction, and provide feedback about muscle length
inverse stretch reflex
stimulated by muscle contraction; functions to provide agonist inhibition, diminution of force of agonist contraction, stretch-protection reflex
gamma reflex loop
allows muscle tension to come under control of descending pathways
flexor withdrawal reflex
stimulated by cutaneous sensory stimuli; functions as a protective withdrawal mechanism to remove a body part from a harmful stimuli
crossed extension reflex
stimulated by noxious stimuli and reciprocal action of antagonists (flexors of one side are excited, so extensors of the same side inhibited and opposite occurs on contralateral side); functions to coordinate reciprocal limb activities such as gait
CNI function
sense of smell
CNII function
vision- color, clarity, peripheral vision, pupillary light reflex
CNIII function (affected)
movement of eyeball (lateral strabismus)
opens eyelids (ptosis)
constricts pupil (dilation)
CN IV function
look down and in (towards nose)
CN VI function (affected)
look out/abduct eyes (medial strabismus)
CN V function
sensation to face
afferent corneal reflex
sensation to anterior tongue
dampens sound
CN VII function
movement of face
efferent corneal reflex
taste to anterior tongue
dampens sound
CN VIII function
balance and hearing
CN IX function
afferent gag reflex
posterior tongue sensation and taste
CN X function (affected)
efferent gag reflex (uvula will deviate towards opposite side of lesion)
visceral
CN XI function
shoulder elevation
CN XII function (affected)
tongue protrusion (tongue will deviate towards side of lesion)
