Research design

Question 1

hypothesis

Answer 1

tentative and testable explanation of relationship between variables

Question 2

variable

Answer 2

factor that varies in amount or kind and can be measured

Question 3

operational definition

Answer 3

how variables will be measured

Question 4

IV

Answer 4

variable who’s effect is being studied

Question 5

DV

Answer 5

variable expected to change due to variations in the IV

Question 6

naturalistic observation AKA field study

Answer 6

measures behavior as it naturally occurs without intervention

Question 7

correlational study

Answer 7

the IV is not manipulated

Question 8

Quasi-experiment

Answer 8

iv is manipulated but subjects are not randomly assigned

Question 9

True experiment

Answer 9

iv is manipulated and there is random assignment

Question 10

population

Answer 10

group to which researcher wishes to generalize results to

Question 11

representative sample

Answer 11

sample matches as many characteristics as possible of the population as a whole

Question 12

random sample

Answer 12

each population member has an equal change to be selected for the sample

Question 13

stratified random sample

Answer 13

relevant subgroups of population re randomly samples in proportion to size

Question 14

between-subjects design

Answer 14

each subject exposed to one level of IV

Question 15

Matched-subjects design

Answer 15

subjects matched based on a variable

Question 16

within-subjects design or repeated-measures design

Answer 16

subjects performance compared to themself

Question 17

non equivalent group design

Answer 17

control group may not be similar to experimental group due to lack of random assignment
(common in educational research due to classes)

Question 18

demand characteristics

Answer 18

cues that suggest to participants what is expected of them

Question 19

experimenter bias

Answer 19

experimenter may treat groups differently

Question 20

placebo effect

Answer 20

type of demand characteristic where placebo has a beneficial effect of subjects

Question 21

Hawthorne effect

Answer 21

effect that being observed by experiment has on behavior

Question 22

range

Answer 22

highest score minus the lowest score

Question 23

standard deviation

Answer 23

average distance from mean

Question 24

variance

Answer 24

square of standard deviation

Question 25

percentile

Answer 25

percentage of scores that fall at or below a given score

Question 26

z-score

Answer 26

number of standard deviations score is away from mean

Question 27

normal distirbution

Answer 27

68% of scores will fall within 1 standard deviation of mean 96% will fall within 2 SD of mean

Question 28

T-score

Answer 28

has a mean of 50 and SD of 10

Question 29

correlation coefficient

Answer 29

measures to what extent two variables are related

Question 30

inferential statistics

Answer 30

use small batch of actual observations to make conclusions about entire population of interest

Question 31

Type 1 error

Answer 31

- rejecting the null when it is true | - false positive

Question 32

type 2 error

Answer 32

- beta - accepting null when it is false - false negative

Question 33

t-test

Answer 33

used when you have 2 groups

Question 34

ANOVA

Answer 34

used with more than 2 groups

Question 35

chi-square test

Answer 35

use when individual observations are names / categories

Question 36

norm-referenced testing

Answer 36

assessing an individual's performance in comparison to others

Question 37

domain-referenced testing

Answer 37

in terms of what you know | ex) license exam

Question 38

reliability

Answer 38

consistency of measures - test retest - alternate form - split half

Question 39

Validity

Answer 39

does the test measure what it should? - content - face - criterion (concurrent and predictive_ - construct (convergent and discriminant)

Question 40

Scales of measurement

Answer 40

Nominal- names Ordinal- ranks Interval- equal intervals Ratio- equal intervals + true zero point

Question 41

William Stern- ratio IQ

Answer 41

mental age / chronological age * 100

Question 42

Deviation IQ

Answer 42

indicates how well you perform based on same age peers

Question 43

Weschler tests

Answer 43

child IQ test- all items grouped into sub tests | -verbal & performance

Question 44

MMPI

Answer 44

550 statements of personality | -scales of carelessness, faking, and misinterpretation

Question 45

Projective tests

Answer 45

- stimuli are ambiguous | - test taker not limited to small number of possible answers

Question 46

Rorschach inkblot test (Hermann Rorschach)

Answer 46

- 10 inkblot cards | - describe what you see

Question 47

TAT or thematic apperception test

Answer 47

- 20 pictures with ambiguous meanings | - tell what you see

Question 48

Blacky pictures

Answer 48

- for children | - tell stories about each picture (stages of psychosexual development depicted)

Question 49

Barnum effect

Answer 49

tendency of people to accept and approve interpretation of personality that they are given

Question 50

Is there a correlation about T-scores and Z-scores?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

a pollster wishes to know if there is significant association between political affiliation and favorite sports team. what statistic should be employed?

Answer 51

Chi sqaure, bc its using nominal categories

Question 52

If a person scored on the WAIS 1 standad deviation below the mean, his IQ would be at what percentile?

Answer 52

16

Question 53

the mmpi as originally constructed by including items that discriminated between patient and normal groups. it relied on the concept of

Answer 53

concurrent validity

Question 54

100 students are given a test and no more than 20 scores are the same. The top ten scores are group A. Which will have a higher value if distributed from only group A?

Answer 54

Median

Question 55

Calculating standard deviation could most directly assess whether

Answer 55

The price of corn was subject to greater daily fluctuations during july than the price of wheat

Question 56

The best scale of aggresion which a social scientist may employ to claim that "joe is twice as aggresive as jim" would be a..

Answer 56

ratio scale.

Question 57

A school psychologist wants to test students for intellectual disability. The most appropriate test would be

Answer 57

stanford binet intelligence test

Question 58

a key factor of DSM 5 is

Answer 58

atheoretical classification of disorders

Question 59

in a normal distribution, what percentage of cases fall within 2 standard deviations of mean?

Answer 59

96%