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Psychology GRE Cards > Research design > Flashcards

Research design Flashcards

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1
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative and testable explanation of relationship between variables

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2
Q

variable

A

factor that varies in amount or kind and can be measured

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3
Q

operational definition

A

how variables will be measured

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4
Q

IV

A

variable who’s effect is being studied

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5
Q

DV

A

variable expected to change due to variations in the IV

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6
Q

naturalistic observation AKA field study

A

measures behavior as it naturally occurs without intervention

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7
Q

correlational study

A

the IV is not manipulated

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8
Q

Quasi-experiment

A

iv is manipulated but subjects are not randomly assigned

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9
Q

True experiment

A

iv is manipulated and there is random assignment

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10
Q

population

A

group to which researcher wishes to generalize results to

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11
Q

representative sample

A

sample matches as many characteristics as possible of the population as a whole

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12
Q

random sample

A

each population member has an equal change to be selected for the sample

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13
Q

stratified random sample

A

relevant subgroups of population re randomly samples in proportion to size

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14
Q

between-subjects design

A

each subject exposed to one level of IV

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15
Q

Matched-subjects design

A

subjects matched based on a variable

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16
Q

within-subjects design or repeated-measures design

A

subjects performance compared to themself

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17
Q

non equivalent group design

A

control group may not be similar to experimental group due to lack of random assignment
(common in educational research due to classes)

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18
Q

demand characteristics

A

cues that suggest to participants what is expected of them

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19
Q

experimenter bias

A

experimenter may treat groups differently

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20
Q

placebo effect

A

type of demand characteristic where placebo has a beneficial effect of subjects

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21
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

effect that being observed by experiment has on behavior

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22
Q

range

A

highest score minus the lowest score

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23
Q

standard deviation

A

average distance from mean

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24
Q

variance

A

square of standard deviation

25
Q

percentile

A

percentage of scores that fall at or below a given score

26
Q

z-score

A

number of standard deviations score is away from mean

27
Q

normal distirbution

A

68% of scores will fall within 1 standard deviation of mean

96% will fall within 2 SD of mean

28
Q

T-score

A

has a mean of 50 and SD of 10

29
Q

correlation coefficient

A

measures to what extent two variables are related

30
Q

inferential statistics

A

use small batch of actual observations to make conclusions about entire population of interest

31
Q

Type 1 error

A
  • rejecting the null when it is true

- false positive

32
Q

type 2 error

A
  • beta
  • accepting null when it is false
  • false negative
33
Q

t-test

A

used when you have 2 groups

34
Q

ANOVA

A

used with more than 2 groups

35
Q

chi-square test

A

use when individual observations are names / categories

36
Q

norm-referenced testing

A

assessing an individual’s performance in comparison to others

37
Q

domain-referenced testing

A

in terms of what you know

ex) license exam

38
Q

reliability

A

consistency of measures

  • test retest
  • alternate form
  • split half
39
Q

Validity

A

does the test measure what it should?

  • content
  • face
  • criterion (concurrent and predictive_
  • construct (convergent and discriminant)
40
Q

Scales of measurement

A

Nominal- names
Ordinal- ranks
Interval- equal intervals
Ratio- equal intervals + true zero point

41
Q

William Stern- ratio IQ

A

mental age / chronological age * 100

42
Q

Deviation IQ

A

indicates how well you perform based on same age peers

43
Q

Weschler tests

A

child IQ test- all items grouped into sub tests

-verbal & performance

44
Q

MMPI

A

550 statements of personality

-scales of carelessness, faking, and misinterpretation

45
Q

Projective tests

A
  • stimuli are ambiguous

- test taker not limited to small number of possible answers

46
Q

Rorschach inkblot test (Hermann Rorschach)

A
  • 10 inkblot cards

- describe what you see

47
Q

TAT or thematic apperception test

A
  • 20 pictures with ambiguous meanings

- tell what you see

48
Q

Blacky pictures

A
  • for children

- tell stories about each picture (stages of psychosexual development depicted)

49
Q

Barnum effect

A

tendency of people to accept and approve interpretation of personality that they are given

50
Q

Is there a correlation about T-scores and Z-scores?

A

Yes

51
Q

a pollster wishes to know if there is significant association between political affiliation and favorite sports team. what statistic should be employed?

A

Chi sqaure, bc its using nominal categories

52
Q

If a person scored on the WAIS 1 standad deviation below the mean, his IQ would be at what percentile?

A

16

53
Q

the mmpi as originally constructed by including items that discriminated between patient and normal groups. it relied on the concept of

A

concurrent validity

54
Q

100 students are given a test and no more than 20 scores are the same. The top ten scores are group A. Which will have a higher value if distributed from only group A?

A

Median

55
Q

Calculating standard deviation could most directly assess whether

A

The price of corn was subject to greater daily fluctuations during july than the price of wheat

56
Q

The best scale of aggresion which a social scientist may employ to claim that “joe is twice as aggresive as jim” would be a..

A

ratio scale.

57
Q

A school psychologist wants to test students for intellectual disability. The most appropriate test would be

A

stanford binet intelligence test

58
Q

a key factor of DSM 5 is

A

atheoretical classification of disorders

59
Q

in a normal distribution, what percentage of cases fall within 2 standard deviations of mean?

A

96%

Psychology GRE Cards (8 decks)

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