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Psychology GRE Cards > Personality & Abnormal psychology > Flashcards

Personality & Abnormal psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

William Sheldon’s body types

A

Endomorph- soft and spherical

Mesomorph- hard, muscular, rectangular

Ectomorph- thin, fragile, and lightly muscled

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2
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

believed sick people should be treated with kindness.

Improved asylum conditions.

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3
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

advocate for treating mentally ill humanely

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4
Q

Emil Kraeplin

A

creator precursor to the DSM, summarizing disorders that were known in 1883

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5
Q

General paresis

A

disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, paralysis and death.

  • caused by syphyllis
  • showed that physiological factors could underlie mental disorders
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6
Q

Cerletti & Bini

A
  • use of electroshock for creating artificial seizures in patients.
  • very violent and not helpful for schizophrenics
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7
Q

Prefrontal lobotomy

A
  • frontal lobes severed from brain tissue

- did not cure patient, but made them easier to handle and more tranquil

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8
Q

Psychodynamic / psychoanalytic theory

A

-postulate the existence of unconscious internal states that motivate overt actions of individuals to determine personality

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9
Q

Id

A
  • reservoir of all psychic energy
  • consists of everything psychological present at birth
  • pleasure principal- aim is to relieve any tension (obtain satisfaction NOW not later)
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10
Q

Ego

A
  • reality principal- takes objective reality into account
  • inhibits id and pleasure principal
  • Receives power from the id (can not be independent)
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11
Q

Superego

A
  • represents moral branch of personality & strives for perfection
  • 2 sub systems are
    1) conscience- rules and norms of bad behavior
    2) ego-ideal- provides rules for good behavior
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12
Q

Eros (life instinct)

A
  • serves purpose of survival (hunger, thirst, sex)

- energy used- libido

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13
Q

Thanatos (death instinct)

A

-represents an unconscious wish for absolute state of quiescence

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14
Q

Defense mechanisms - 2 characteristics

A
  • 1) deny / falsify / distort reality

2) operate unconsciously

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15
Q

Repression

A

unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing memories

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16
Q

Suppression

A

Deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

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17
Q

Projection

A

when a person attributes his forbidden urges to others

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18
Q

Reaction formation

A

a repressed wish is warded off by its opposite

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19
Q

Rationalization

A

Developing a socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior

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20
Q

Regression

A

reverting to an earlier state of urges

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21
Q

Sublimation

A

transforming unacceptable urges to socially acceptable behaviors

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22
Q

displacement

A

pent up feelings are discharged on objects or people less dangerous than what is causing the feelings

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23
Q

Carl jung- collective unconscious

A

powerful system shared among all humans and is considered to be a reside of experiences of early ancestors

includes Archetypes: a thought or image that has an emotional element

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24
Q

Jung- persona

A

mask adopted by a person in response to demands of social convention

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25
Q

Jung- Anima & Animius

A

help understand gender

-feminine behaviors in males and masculine behaviors in females

26
Q

Jung- Shadow archetype

A

animal instincts gathered in lower forms of life

27
Q

Jung- the self

A

person’s striving for unity

-intersection between collective unconscious and conscious

28
Q

Adler

  • Creative Self
  • Style of life
  • fictional finalism
A

Creative self: the force by which each individual shapes his uniqueness and makes his own personality

Style of life: manifestation of creative self; describes unique way of achieving superiority

Fictional finalism: notion that an individual is motivated by the future expectations more than the past

29
Q

Karen Horney

A
  • neurotic personality is governed by one of ten needs
  • child’s early perception of self is very important
  • helplessness produces anxiety in children
30
Q

Anna Freud

A
  • children psychoanalytic work should focus on direct investigation of conscious ego and its relation to the world, to the unconscious, and to the superego
  • founder of ego psychology
31
Q

Object relations theory

A
  • “object” refers to symbolic representation of a significant part of the young child’s personality
  • look at development of internalized objects in children
32
Q

Martin Seligman & learned helplessness

A

-dogs learned to be helpless when shocked

33
Q

Aaron Beck - cognitive therapy

A

-write down negative self thoughts, find out why they are unjustified, and come up with less destructive cognition

34
Q

Albert Ellis - rational-emotive therapy (RET)

A
  • basic assumption: people develop irrational ways of thinking
  • therapist challenges irrational beliefs
35
Q

Symptom substitution

A
  • if the underlying cause is still there, psychoanalysts suggest that new symptoms will develop to replace the old ones.
  • behaviorists disagree
36
Q

Kurt Lewin’s field theory

A
  • personality is dynamic and always changing
  • personality divided by “systems”
  • behavior is the result of the individual and their environment
  • a person’s psychological state influences their social field
37
Q

Abraham Maslow

A
  • self actualization- highest order of need, which most people don’t reach
  • self actualized people likely to have peak experiences: profound and deeply moving experiences that have important and lasting effects
38
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • client-centered/person centered therapy
  • client knows what is best
  • unconditional positive regard
39
Q

Victor Frankl

A
  • nazi camp survivor
  • human search for meaning to existence
  • mental illness stems from meaningless life
40
Q

Type A/B personality

A

Type A: competitive & compulsive

Type B: laid back and relaxed (less likely to suffer heart attack; characteristic of middle/upper class men)

41
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

-identified 16 basic building blocks of personality

42
Q

Gordon Allport & Traits

A
  • 3 basic types of traits
    1) cardinal- organized around life (not everyone has this)
    2) central- major characteristics that are easy to infer
    3) secondary- more personal & limited in occurance
43
Q

Sandra Bem & androgyny

A

-because people can score high on both masculine and feminine traits, masculinity and femininity are two difference gender dimensions

Androgyny- state of being both very masculine and feminine

44
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • detachment from social relationships
  • restricted range of emotional expression
  • little desire for socializing & few friends + poor social skills
45
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A
  • instability in behavior, mood, and self image
  • unstable & intense interpersonal relationships
  • fear of abandonment & uncertainty of identity
46
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • disregard and violation of others

- illegal acts, no remorse, aggression…

47
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • grandiose sense of self importance
  • constant need for attention
  • fragile self esteem and constantly concerned with others
  • when not admired, people may feel rage, shame, humiliation, and emptiness
48
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall past experience

-not due to a neurological disorder

49
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

amnesia that accompanies a sudden, unexpected move away from home
-confused and may assume a new identity

50
Q

Somatoform disorders

  • conversion disorder
  • illness anxiety disorder
A
  • involve presence of physical sx which are not fully explained by a medical condition
  • not faking; person really believes they are sick

Conversion disorder: unexplained sx affecting motor or sensory functions (for example unexplained paralysis)

Illness anxiety disorder: (hypochondriacs) person is preoccupied with fears of illness, even when shown to be healthy

51
Q

A patient is afraid to leave his house and spend time in populated areas for fear of having a panic attack and not being able to escape. What is the best diagnosis?

A

Agoraphobia

52
Q

CPI as compared to the MMPI is

A

applicable to more normal groups

53
Q

Carl Rogers says the goal of therapy is

A

congruence

54
Q

What is the least accepted of Freud’s ideas in current psychoanalytic theory?

A

The belief that humans have a death instinct

55
Q

CJ jung is not assiocated with which of these?

extroversion/introversion
peak experiences

A

peak experiences

56
Q

Kurt lewin found in his study of leadership styles that

A

autocratic leaders created more hostility than democratic leaders

57
Q

the uncovering and discharge of repressed emotion

A

abreaction

58
Q

what do SSRIs do?

A

limit the reuptake of serotonin in the synapses

59
Q

who attempted to relate personality to perception?

A

Herman Witkin

60
Q

Petty and Cacioppo developed

A

the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

61
Q

the length of the prodromal phase of schizophrenia is most directly relevant to the

A

process-reactive distinction

62
Q

Kelly’s basic approach to personality

A

people have a need to control the environment

Psychology GRE Cards (8 decks)

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