Research Design

Question 1

Types of studies?

Answer 1

Experimental Study

&

Observational Study

Question 2

Experimental Study?

Answer 2

An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

Question 3

Observational Study?

Answer 3

A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. No attempt is made to affect the outcome (for example, no treatment is given).

Question 4

Types of random allocation for experimental study?

Answer 4

Randomised controlled trial

Non-randomised controlled trial/ Pseduoexperimental Trail

Question 4

Random allocation?

Answer 4

Random allocation is a technique that chooses individuals for treatment groups and control groups entirely by chance with no regard to the will of researchers or patients’ condition and preference.

Question 5

Non-randomised controlled trial?

Answer 5

Non-randomised trials are defined as trials where the investigator controls allocation, which is not at random.

Question 6

Types of comparison groups for observational studies?

Answer 6

1. Analytical Study
2. Descriptive Study

Question 7

Analytical Study

Answer 7

An analytical study is one in which action will be taken on a cause system to improve the future performance of the system of interest. An analytical study focuses on prediction

Question 8

Descriptive Study?

Answer 8

Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather it addresses the “what” question.

Question 9

Types of analytical studies?

Answer 9

1. Cohort Study/Prospective Study
2. Case-Control Study/Retrospective Study
3. Cross Sectional Study/Snapshot Study

Question 10

Prevalence meaning?

Answer 10

Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.

Question 11

Cross-sectional Study?

Answer 11

In a cross-sectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at the same time.

Question 12

Exposure?
Outcome?

Answer 12

The exposure refers to any characteristic that may explain or predict the presence of a study outcome. The outcome refers to the characteristic that is being predicted.

Question 13

Cohort studies?

Answer 13

Cohort studies are a type of longitudinal study—an approach that follows research participants over a period of time (often many years). Specifically, cohort studies recruit and follow participants who share a common characteristic, such as a particular occupation or demographic similarity.

Question 14

Case-Control Study/Retrospective Study

Answer 14

Retrospective Study that sample past data to come to some insights. A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).

Question 15

Incidence meaning?

Answer 15

Incidence is a measure of disease that allows us to determine a person’s probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease.

Question 16

Prevalence>Incidence ?

Answer 16

Chronic Disease

Question 17

Prevalence<Incidence?

Answer 17

Contagious Disease

Question 18

Non-random sampling?

Answer 18

Non-probability sampling is a method of selecting units from a population using a subjective (i.e. non-random) method.

Question 19

Convenience Sample?

Answer 19

Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access.

Question 20

Types of probability sampling?

Answer 20

1. Simple Random sample
2. Systematic Sample
3. Stratified Sample
4. Cluster Sample

Question 21

Simple random sample?

Answer 21

a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population.Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 22

Systematic Sample?

Answer 22

Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where researchers select members of the population at a regular interval. Everyone still has the same chances of being chosen?

Question 23

Stratified Sample?

Answer 23

In stratified sampling, researchers divide subjects into subgroups called strata based on characteristics that they share (e.g., race, gender, educational attainment). Once divided, each subgroup is randomly sampled using another probability sampling method

Question 24

Cluster Sample?

Answer 24

Cluster sampling involves dividing a population into clusters, and then randomly selecting a sample of these clusters.