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AICP Code of Ethics & Conduct > Research & Assessment Methods > Flashcards

Research & Assessment Methods Flashcards

GIS, Census and Economic and Demographic Analysis

1
Q

What are the four major population estimates and projection models?

A

Linear, Symptomatic, Step-Down Ratio and Cohort Survival.

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2
Q

Which projection method uses the change in population over a period of time and extrapolates it into the future?

A

Linear method

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3
Q

Which projection method uses the rate of growth over a period of time to estimate the current or future population?

A

Exponential and Modified Exponential methods.

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4
Q

What is the difference between exponential and modified exponential method?

A

The modified exponential assumes there’s a cap to growth and at some point growth will stop or slow down resulting in an s-shaped curve as opposed to a curved line like the exponential method.

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5
Q

The gompertz projection is a modification of the modified exponential where __________________?

A

growth is slow in the beginning and speeds up over time

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6
Q

This projection method uses data that is indirectly related to population size, such as housing starts, new driver’s licenses, or average household size.

A

Symptomatic Method

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7
Q

This projection method uses the ratio of the population in a city or a county.

A

Step-Down Ratio method

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8
Q

This projection method multiplies the Census data for the number of housing units by the occupancy rate and persons per household.

A

Distributed Housing Unit Method

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9
Q

This projection method uses current population plus natural increase and net migration.

A

Cohort Survival.

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10
Q

Which method is the most accurate population projection but requires the most data?

A

Cohort Survival

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11
Q

What are the three major economic analysis methods?

A

Economic base, shift share & input-output analysis

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12
Q

An economic base analysis looks at what kind of economic activity and calculates what for each industry?

A

basic (can be exported) and non basic (locally oriented) activity. It calculates a Location Quotient for each industry

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13
Q

The __________ is the ratio of an industry’s share of local employment divided by the share of the nation.

A

LQ (location quotient)

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14
Q

A LQ greater than 1 indicates ____________, while an LQ less than 1 indicates __________?

A

exporting economy

importing economy

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15
Q

Which analysis method analyzes a local economy in comparison with a larger economy?

A

Shift-share

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16
Q

Which method can be used to determine the employment effect that a particular project has on a local economy?

A

Input-output analysis

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17
Q

The __________ is the standard used by the Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments.

A

NAICS - North American Industry Classification System

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18
Q

_____________ is a term used to describe computerized mapping.

A

GIS

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19
Q

Spatial data can be displayed accurately because of ____________

A

georeferencing, latitude and longitude

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20
Q

Attribute data is typically stored in a _____________

A

spreadsheet/database

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21
Q

Which instrumental person is known for the illustrated concepts of layering thematic data with various attributes?

A

Ian McHarg

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22
Q

A __________________ is a two-dimensional representation of a portion of a three-dimensional surface of the earth.

A

Topographic

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23
Q

________________ can be downloaded from the Census into GIS

A

TIGER files

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24
Q

___________________ show digital data on elevation

A

Digital elevation models (DEM)

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25
___________ uses lasers that are mounted on an airplane to provide detailed topographic information.
LIDAR
26
_______________ is a simulation program that models plans and urban development
UrbanSim
27
______________ is an ESRI software that analyzes land use scenarios and creates 3D images
CommunityViz
28
________________ is a software that uses place types, block types, and building types to support interactive scenario building.
Urban Footprint
29
A ___________ is a research method that allows one to collect data on a topic that cannot be directly observed, such as opinions.
Survey
30
Surveys are meant for a sample of the population, the population of interest is called ________________
sampling frame
31
A survey on how parents feel about the quality of a recreational facility as of today, is what kind of survey?
cross-sectional survey
32
A survey of service satisfaction every couple of years, is what kind of survey
longitudinal survey
33
A ____________ is popular when a planner is trying to obtain information from a broad audience.
Written survey
34
Which survey is low-cost and convenient because it can be completed at the participant's leisure but has a very low response rate?
Written survey
35
Written surveys don't benefit which population?
seniors, those who don't speak English, groups with low literacy rates.
36
Which form of survey allows for high and quick response rates and is appropriate for targeting specific populations?
Group-administered surveys
37
The difficulty with administering a ____________ survey is getting everyone together to complete it.
group-administered survey
38
A _____________ can be dropped off at someone's residence and be completed at their leisure
drop-off survey
39
True/False: Response rates for a drop-off survey are lower than a mail in survey because the person dropping it off may have personal contact with the participant.
False - it is usually higher
40
This survey method is expensive because of the time required to distribute and is generally a smaller sample size.
Drop-off survey
41
_______________ survey can be administered on the phone or in person.
Oral survey
42
Phone survey are useful when you need what type of answers?
yes or no answers.
43
True/False: response rates for phone surveys are declining and sometimes more expensive than mail or internet-based surveys.
True
44
Which survey method is inexpensive, and has a higher response rate than written or interview surveys?
Online Surveys
45
What is the downside to online surveys?
You will not be able to reach people without internet access
46
In designing a survey all questions must be ___________ and ____________.
Clear and short
47
Questions on a survey should avoid _______________ terms and each question should only ask about _______________.
negative, and should only ask about one issue.
48
A _____________ response method of a scale or yes/no is a great way to design a survey.
consistent
49
What kind of sampling, is there direct mathematical relation between the sample and population, so precise conclusions can be drawn?
Probability sampling
50
Random samples are an example of what kind of sampling?
Probability sampling
51
In __________ sampling, a population is divided into separate groups or classes.
Stratified sampling
52
A __________ sample is a form of stratified sampling where a specific group is targeted out of the general population.
cluster sample
53
What kind of sampling has no precise connection between the sample and population?
non-probability sampling
54
True/False: Non-probability samples are much easier to obtain the probability samples.
True
55
Sampling individuals who are readily available is what kind of sampling?
Convenience sampling
56
When an interviewee suggests another potential interviewee, this sampling is called?
snow-ball sampling
57
Self-selected respondents are apart of what sample?
volunteer sample
58
A special case of volunteered sampling is ____________________, for example participants may enter information on a web map.
volunteered geographic information
59
For big data, issues of relevance and validity depend on the big three; _________, _____________, and ___________.
volume, velocity and variety
60
Data selectively favors one fraction of the population, rather than representing the who is what kind of bias?
selection bias
61
The Census suggests that the Coefficient of Variation, to test for reliability of estimates should be no greater than ___________% to allow for reliable data interpretation.
15%
62
What kind of bias is a pervasive human trade that refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect understanding actions, decisions, in an unconscious manner.
Implicit bias
63
True/False: Implicit Biases can be gradually unlearned through specific techniques.
True
64
Errors in population parameter, size, and standard error are examples of what ______________
sampling error
65
Convenience sampling and volunteer sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?
Non-probability sampling
66
Random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?
Probability sampling
67
Every Xth person selected from a list starting at a random chosen point, is an example of what kind of sample?
Systematic
68
Democrat v. Republican sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?
Stratified sampling
69
Dependent variable is located on which axis?
y-axis
70
Independent variable is located on which axis?
x-axis
71
In a histogram, if the "hump" of the data is on the left of the graph, what direction is the data skewed in?
Skewed right
72
In explaining number of trips at different times of day, what variable is the number of trip?
Dependent variable
73
In explaining the number of trips at different times of day, what variable is the time of day?
Independent variable.
74
Which ACS estimate is primarily for the data collection of areas 65,000+ and best used when analyzing larger populations
1-Year Estimate
75
Which ACS estimate is primarily for the data collection of all areas and best when analyzing very small populations?
5-year estimate
76
True/False: The 1-yr ACS estimate is more reliable than the 5-yr ACS
False
77
In the 2010 Census, which region grew the fasts?
The south
78
What is the smallest census geography
Block
79
Densely settled areas with population of 50,000 or more is?
Urbanized Area
80
Typically, what is the population size of a block?
100 people
81
This census geography is located within the same census tract and has a population of about 1,500 people.
Block group
82
This census geography covers the entire USA and has a population size of about 4,000 people.
Census Tract
83
In small towns and rural areas, which projection method works best?
Linear projection
84
In new communities and towns, which projection method works best?
Exponential method
85
In built out city or county, with small infill development, which projection method works best?
Modified exponential method
86
If a LQ is less than 1 what does it mean?
The local industry needs to import product to meet needs.
87
What if an LQ is at 1?
The local industry is just meeting it's needs.
88
What if an LQ is over 1?
The local industry has more employment than the nation, and will likely export the goods or services outside the county.
89
What years are the years of the baby boomers?
1946 through 1964
90
What years are the years of the millennials?
1980 through 1994

AICP Code of Ethics & Conduct (43 decks)

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