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AICP Code of Ethics & Conduct > Research & Assessment Methods > Flashcards

Research & Assessment Methods Flashcards

GIS, Census and Economic and Demographic Analysis

1
Q

What are the four major population estimates and projection models?

A

Linear, Symptomatic, Step-Down Ratio and Cohort Survival.

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2
Q

Which projection method uses the change in population over a period of time and extrapolates it into the future?

A

Linear method

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3
Q

Which projection method uses the rate of growth over a period of time to estimate the current or future population?

A

Exponential and Modified Exponential methods.

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4
Q

What is the difference between exponential and modified exponential method?

A

The modified exponential assumes there’s a cap to growth and at some point growth will stop or slow down resulting in an s-shaped curve as opposed to a curved line like the exponential method.

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5
Q

The gompertz projection is a modification of the modified exponential where __________________?

A

growth is slow in the beginning and speeds up over time

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6
Q

This projection method uses data that is indirectly related to population size, such as housing starts, new driver’s licenses, or average household size.

A

Symptomatic Method

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7
Q

This projection method uses the ratio of the population in a city or a county.

A

Step-Down Ratio method

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8
Q

This projection method multiplies the Census data for the number of housing units by the occupancy rate and persons per household.

A

Distributed Housing Unit Method

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9
Q

This projection method uses current population plus natural increase and net migration.

A

Cohort Survival.

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10
Q

Which method is the most accurate population projection but requires the most data?

A

Cohort Survival

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11
Q

What are the three major economic analysis methods?

A

Economic base, shift share & input-output analysis

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12
Q

An economic base analysis looks at what kind of economic activity and calculates what for each industry?

A

basic (can be exported) and non basic (locally oriented) activity. It calculates a Location Quotient for each industry

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13
Q

The __________ is the ratio of an industry’s share of local employment divided by the share of the nation.

A

LQ (location quotient)

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14
Q

A LQ greater than 1 indicates ____________, while an LQ less than 1 indicates __________?

A

exporting economy

importing economy

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15
Q

Which analysis method analyzes a local economy in comparison with a larger economy?

A

Shift-share

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16
Q

Which method can be used to determine the employment effect that a particular project has on a local economy?

A

Input-output analysis

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17
Q

The __________ is the standard used by the Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments.

A

NAICS - North American Industry Classification System

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18
Q

_____________ is a term used to describe computerized mapping.

A

GIS

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19
Q

Spatial data can be displayed accurately because of ____________

A

georeferencing, latitude and longitude

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20
Q

Attribute data is typically stored in a _____________

A

spreadsheet/database

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21
Q

Which instrumental person is known for the illustrated concepts of layering thematic data with various attributes?

A

Ian McHarg

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22
Q

A __________________ is a two-dimensional representation of a portion of a three-dimensional surface of the earth.

A

Topographic

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23
Q

________________ can be downloaded from the Census into GIS

A

TIGER files

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24
Q

___________________ show digital data on elevation

A

Digital elevation models (DEM)

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25
Q

___________ uses lasers that are mounted on an airplane to provide detailed topographic information.

A

LIDAR

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26
Q

_______________ is a simulation program that models plans and urban development

A

UrbanSim

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27
Q

______________ is an ESRI software that analyzes land use scenarios and creates 3D images

A

CommunityViz

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28
Q

________________ is a software that uses place types, block types, and building types to support interactive scenario building.

A

Urban Footprint

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29
Q

A ___________ is a research method that allows one to collect data on a topic that cannot be directly observed, such as opinions.

A

Survey

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30
Q

Surveys are meant for a sample of the population, the population of interest is called ________________

A

sampling frame

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31
Q

A survey on how parents feel about the quality of a recreational facility as of today, is what kind of survey?

A

cross-sectional survey

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32
Q

A survey of service satisfaction every couple of years, is what kind of survey

A

longitudinal survey

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33
Q

A ____________ is popular when a planner is trying to obtain information from a broad audience.

A

Written survey

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34
Q

Which survey is low-cost and convenient because it can be completed at the participant’s leisure but has a very low response rate?

A

Written survey

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35
Q

Written surveys don’t benefit which population?

A

seniors, those who don’t speak English, groups with low literacy rates.

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36
Q

Which form of survey allows for high and quick response rates and is appropriate for targeting specific populations?

A

Group-administered surveys

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37
Q

The difficulty with administering a ____________ survey is getting everyone together to complete it.

A

group-administered survey

38
Q

A _____________ can be dropped off at someone’s residence and be completed at their leisure

A

drop-off survey

39
Q

True/False: Response rates for a drop-off survey are lower than a mail in survey because the person dropping it off may have personal contact with the participant.

A

False - it is usually higher

40
Q

This survey method is expensive because of the time required to distribute and is generally a smaller sample size.

A

Drop-off survey

41
Q

_______________ survey can be administered on the phone or in person.

A

Oral survey

42
Q

Phone survey are useful when you need what type of answers?

A

yes or no answers.

43
Q

True/False: response rates for phone surveys are declining and sometimes more expensive than mail or internet-based surveys.

A

True

44
Q

Which survey method is inexpensive, and has a higher response rate than written or interview surveys?

A

Online Surveys

45
Q

What is the downside to online surveys?

A

You will not be able to reach people without internet access

46
Q

In designing a survey all questions must be ___________ and ____________.

A

Clear and short

47
Q

Questions on a survey should avoid _______________ terms and each question should only ask about _______________.

A

negative, and should only ask about one issue.

48
Q

A _____________ response method of a scale or yes/no is a great way to design a survey.

A

consistent

49
Q

What kind of sampling, is there direct mathematical relation between the sample and population, so precise conclusions can be drawn?

A

Probability sampling

50
Q

Random samples are an example of what kind of sampling?

A

Probability sampling

51
Q

In __________ sampling, a population is divided into separate groups or classes.

A

Stratified sampling

52
Q

A __________ sample is a form of stratified sampling where a specific group is targeted out of the general population.

A

cluster sample

53
Q

What kind of sampling has no precise connection between the sample and population?

A

non-probability sampling

54
Q

True/False: Non-probability samples are much easier to obtain the probability samples.

A

True

55
Q

Sampling individuals who are readily available is what kind of sampling?

A

Convenience sampling

56
Q

When an interviewee suggests another potential interviewee, this sampling is called?

A

snow-ball sampling

57
Q

Self-selected respondents are apart of what sample?

A

volunteer sample

58
Q

A special case of volunteered sampling is ____________________, for example participants may enter information on a web map.

A

volunteered geographic information

59
Q

For big data, issues of relevance and validity depend on the big three; _________, _____________, and ___________.

A

volume, velocity and variety

60
Q

Data selectively favors one fraction of the population, rather than representing the who is what kind of bias?

A

selection bias

61
Q

The Census suggests that the Coefficient of Variation, to test for reliability of estimates should be no greater than ___________% to allow for reliable data interpretation.

A

15%

62
Q

What kind of bias is a pervasive human trade that refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect understanding actions, decisions, in an unconscious manner.

A

Implicit bias

63
Q

True/False: Implicit Biases can be gradually unlearned through specific techniques.

A

True

64
Q

Errors in population parameter, size, and standard error are examples of what ______________

A

sampling error

65
Q

Convenience sampling and volunteer sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?

A

Non-probability sampling

66
Q

Random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?

A

Probability sampling

67
Q

Every Xth person selected from a list starting at a random chosen point, is an example of what kind of sample?

A

Systematic

68
Q

Democrat v. Republican sampling is an example of what kind of sampling?

A

Stratified sampling

69
Q

Dependent variable is located on which axis?

A

y-axis

70
Q

Independent variable is located on which axis?

A

x-axis

71
Q

In a histogram, if the “hump” of the data is on the left of the graph, what direction is the data skewed in?

A

Skewed right

72
Q

In explaining number of trips at different times of day, what variable is the number of trip?

A

Dependent variable

73
Q

In explaining the number of trips at different times of day, what variable is the time of day?

A

Independent variable.

74
Q

Which ACS estimate is primarily for the data collection of areas 65,000+ and best used when analyzing larger populations

A

1-Year Estimate

75
Q

Which ACS estimate is primarily for the data collection of all areas and best when analyzing very small populations?

A

5-year estimate

76
Q

True/False: The 1-yr ACS estimate is more reliable than the 5-yr ACS

A

False

77
Q

In the 2010 Census, which region grew the fasts?

A

The south

78
Q

What is the smallest census geography

A

Block

79
Q

Densely settled areas with population of 50,000 or more is?

A

Urbanized Area

80
Q

Typically, what is the population size of a block?

A

100 people

81
Q

This census geography is located within the same census tract and has a population of about 1,500 people.

A

Block group

82
Q

This census geography covers the entire USA and has a population size of about 4,000 people.

A

Census Tract

83
Q

In small towns and rural areas, which projection method works best?

A

Linear projection

84
Q

In new communities and towns, which projection method works best?

A

Exponential method

85
Q

In built out city or county, with small infill development, which projection method works best?

A

Modified exponential method

86
Q

If a LQ is less than 1 what does it mean?

A

The local industry needs to import product to meet needs.

87
Q

What if an LQ is at 1?

A

The local industry is just meeting it’s needs.

88
Q

What if an LQ is over 1?

A

The local industry has more employment than the nation, and will likely export the goods or services outside the county.

89
Q

What years are the years of the baby boomers?

A

1946 through 1964

90
Q

What years are the years of the millennials?

A

1980 through 1994

AICP Code of Ethics & Conduct (43 decks)

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