History, Theory & Law - Henry's Class (Day 1) Flashcards
Hippodamus was considered to be the first ______________?
town planner
William Penn laid out the basic pattern of which city in 1682 as a rectangular grid with streets crossing each other at a central square?
Philadelphia
The _________ plan was built with a modified baroque plan, with two main circles, from which a system of radial streets extends outwards towards the town (i.e. radio-centric)
Annapolis
The ____________ plan was developed by James Oglethorpe, where the town plan is designed as a ward, composed of four larger residential blocks and four smaller civic/retail blocks separated by alleys.
Savannah
The Savannah Plan contained how many homes in each residential block?
10 homes
Who recreated L’Enfant’s plans for Washington D.C from memory in two days?
Benjamin Banneker
1901 “New” New York Tenement Housing law outlawed what style of home building and required ___________ to be in every home?
Dumbbell style and required a toilet in every home
The Radiant City concept consists of high rises, open spaces, and non-walkable super blocks. Who came up with this concept?
LeCorbusier
Peter Calthorpe is associated with what type of planning?
New Urbanism and the traditional neighborhood design (TND)
The new wave of urban planning comes with the construction of which Florida community?
Seaside, FL
The most famous U.S settlement house was _____________ founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr with a focus on providing education, social, and recreational opportunities for neighborhood working class European immigrant women & children.
Hull House
Norris, Tennessee is a sundown town, meaning what?
African Americans needed to be out of town by sundown
Who is the father of regional planning?
Patrick Geddes
Who is the father of American zoning?
Edward Bassett
Who is the father of city planning?
Daniel Burnham
Who is the father of modern housing code?
Lawrence Veiller
Who is the father of ecological planning?
Ian McHarg
Who is the father of advocacy planning?
Paul Davidoff
The leading American advocate planner of the 1960s was?
Paul Davidoff
What movement is Washington, D.C. an example of?
City Beautiful
Who is credited with popularizing the term “megalopolis”?
Jean Gottman
How does Joel Garreau refer to an area that contains 5 million or more square feet of leasable office space?
Edge city
The American Greenbelt towns were built in the 1930s by?
the Resettlement Administration
Which planning movement was characterized by local management and self government without a need for intervention from the central state, and a philosophy that planning should be designed for socioeconomic stratums just above the poor?
Garden City Movement
Which case did SCOTUS uphold “no right to maintain a nuisance & no compensation for abatement; a valid exercise of the city’s police power.” (early zoning case)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian
True/False: The federal government has police powers.
False - only the states have police powers
Which case is this ruling relevant to?
“If a general rule, at least, is that, if regulation goes too far, it will be recognized as a takings for which compensation must be paid”
Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon
Which case is this ruling relevant to?
“Compensation is required when regulations deny all economic use of the property, unless nuisance law already prohibits the use.”
Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council
True/False: Prohibiting the occupancy of nonconforming structures is a technique that cannot be used to reduce the number of non conforming structures in a community.
True
What is the most commonly used standard to determine the payment for condemned property?
Its highest and best use
The following quote is relevant to which case? “While a property may be regulated to a certain extent, if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a takings”
Pennsylvania Coal Co v Mahon
What is the balancing of interest approach?
Analyzing the nature and extent of the public interest involved and the nature and extent of the loss of the property owner.
Christopher Stone’s 1972 book, “Should Trees Have Standing” raised which important legal issue?
Authority to file suit
What could the use of floating zones be considered?
Spot zoning - not anchored to a specific location within the community but rather float.
True/False: Spot zoning can be allowed if it’s not in the comp plan.
False
What kind of case would involve this passage? “…there is no evidence to show that the situation in which the intervener finds himself, …is unique and distinct from that of the other owners”
A Variance - it’s important that they show uniqueness and distinguish their property from other to be granted a variance (or hardship).
Freedom of expression may be restricted only if the words create an ________________?
immediate danger or evil
Which case is this quote relevant to? “…phased growth is well within the gambit of existing enabling legislation”
Golden v. Planning Board of Town of Ramapo
What term is used to describe the drawing of unnatural legislative district bounderies?
gerrymandering
What is the best way to contribute to energy efficiency in a single-family residential home?
Increase the R Rating ceiling insulation from 19 to 30.
The first historic preservation plan in the U.S was adopted in what city?
New Orleans
What is the study of lakes and ponds?
Limnology
How many pounds per person per day of solid waste is generated in the U.S.?
4.4 lbs
What regulation controls the manner in which blocks of land over a certain size may be converted into building lots?
Subdivision regulation
_________________ is a geographic unit used in transportation modeling for metro areas?
TAZ (traffic analysis zones)
A normal vacancy rate in housing is necessary to provide choice and mobility. A normal vacancy rate is ____%?
5%
