Research and Stats Flashcards
Would a LOW or a HIGH chi-squared value suggest that the NULL hypothesis should be rejected for an experiment comparing 2 sets of data?
a HIGH chi-squared value (chi-squared tests measure significance between 2 data sets…null hypoth = no difference between sets…if chi-squared is HIGH = null hypothesis is rejected and there IS significance between the two groups)
In this type of study design, neither the subject nor the investigator knows to which group a subject belongs.
double blind
You need to inject a local anesthetic for a 10-year-old patient. You note that this patient appears to be very anxious and frequently asks what you are doing or are about to do. To which technique is the patient least likely to respond well?
Distraction
The first time you perform a complicated dental procedure, you feel uncomfortable and nervous. At one point, you even think for a moment that you will not be able to complete the procedure. However, you stay with it, and near the end of the procedure you feel much better. Which concept does this best exemplify?
Habituation
During a previous dental visit, you assisted a patient by generating his statement, “Even if there is some pain, it will be brief. I have ways to cope and I’ve done well using them.” The patient will remind himself of this during future dental procedures. This patient’s statement exemplifies which of the following strategies?
Rational Response
The variance for data set A is 25 and for data set B is 9. Therefore, we can conclude the items in data set ___ are more widely spread about the mean value than in data set ____
A….B
Which of the following types of studies describes if a group of 100 dental students were followed for 10 years to determine if their health was affected by exposure to mercury?
LONGITUDINAL
______ describes the rate at which new disease cases occur. It gives the number of disease cases or people becoming ill during a given period in a specified population.
INCIDENCE
________ is the percentage of the population that has the disease or condition. It gives a figure for a factor at a single point in time. It can tell us only what is happening at a certain point.
PREVALANCE
__________ is the difference in rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population.
Attributable risk
Attributable risk is most commonly used in ______ studies to measure individuals that are assembled on exposure status and followed over a period of time.
cohort
_______ describes the extent to which a particular gene or set of genes is expressed in the phenotypes of individuals carrying it. It is measured by the proportion of carriers showing the characteristic phenotype.
PENETRANCE
________ → the ratio of TRUE NEGATIVE tests to total unaffected patients tested expressed in percentage.
SPECIFICITY
Example of _______: I measure a screening test’s ability to correctly identify the ABSENCE of disease. A test with HIGH _________ has FEW false positives.
SPECIFICITY
_________ → the ratio of TRUE POSITIVE tests to the total number of affected (positive) patients tested expressed as a percentage. It measures a screening test’s ability to correctly identify the presence of disease.
SENSITIVITY
