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NBDE Part II > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What aspect influences the PENETRATING quality of x-ray beams?

A

KILOVOLTAGE

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2
Q

DECREASING _________ increases radiographic density

A

Source film distance

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3
Q

What was the example of something NOT on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Alpha rays

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4
Q

What type of radiograph is LEAST helpful in determining anatomical integrity of the TMJ?

A

Pano

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5
Q

A LONGER Gray Scale Contrast is achieved with INCREASING ________

A

KILOVOLTAGE

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6
Q

electrons carry energy from CATHODE to ANODE…this is converted to ________ in the target

A

HEAT

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7
Q

an x-ray does of 4 Gy will cause what reaction in the arm?

A

erythema

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8
Q

What is the recommended vertical angulation of the x-ray cone when taking a BTW?

A

+5 to +10 degrees

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9
Q

Increasing mA on an x-ray unit raises WHAT?

A

of photons released

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10
Q

What mechanism blocks low-energy photons (lowers dose to patient)?

A

Aluminum filter

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11
Q

WHAT METAL filament makes the e- cloud

A

TUNGSTEN

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12
Q

________ makes the focusing cup

A

MOLY-BEN-UM

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13
Q

What metal stem acts as heat sink?

A

Copper

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14
Q

_______ (high voltage) transformer: increases potential difference between cathode and anode

A

Step up

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15
Q

_______ (filament) transformer: decreases voltage to prevent burning filament

A

step down

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16
Q

_____ of the beam = ENERGY of photons

A

QUALITY

17
Q

______ of the beam = NUMBER of photons

A

Quantity

18
Q

INCREASE IN _________ = INCREASE in QUALITY AND QUANTITY

A

KILOVOLTAGE

19
Q

INCREASE IN ________ AND _______ = INCREASE IN QUANTITY of photons

A

Milliamperage (mA = current = # of charged particles that pass a point each second) AND TIME

20
Q

Inverse square law = intensity of the x-ray beam is INVERSELY proportional to the SQUARE of the ________ from the source

A

DISTANCE

21
Q

_________ Effects: Effects occur once threshold is reached

A

Deterministic

22
Q

_______ Effects: threshold reached, severity proportional to dose Ex: oral mucositis after radiation therapy

A

Deterministic

23
Q

________ Effects: Effects may occur independent of dose; ie, no threshold dose

A

STO-CHAS-TIC effects

24
Q

__________ effects: Probability proportional to dose Ex: radiation-induced cancer

A

STO-CHAS-TIC effects

25
Q

What component of the cell is MOST sensitive to radiation?

A

Nucleus and DNA

26
Q

What type of x-ray uses an intensifying screen? (less _______ BUT decreased _________)

A

Panos (and cephs)….(less radiation BUT decreased resolution)

27
Q

Image SHARPNESS is improved by ______ focal spot

A

small

28
Q

Image SHARPNESS is improved by _______ distance between focal spot and object

A

INCREASING

29
Q

Image SHARPNESS is improved by ________ distance between object and receptor

A

MINIMIZING

30
Q

__________: film is at right angle to x-ray beam, but tooth is not at right angle to x-ray beam

A

Foreshortening

31
Q

________: tooth is at right angle to x-ray beam, but film is not at right angle to x-ray beam

A

Elongation

32
Q

What element captures x-ray energy in a DIGITAL SENSOR?

A

Silicon

33
Q

The “Y line of Ennis” is a super imposition of the floor of the nasal cavity and the border of the maxillary sinus. Its a good marker for WHICH TOOTH?

A

maxillary canine

34
Q

When making a radiograph, the number of electrons produced determines….

A

JUST the QUANTITY of x-rays produced

35
Q

The best way to produce a radiographic image with low contrast is by doing which of the following?

A

INCREASE kVp

36
Q

The milliamperage is directly proportional to which of the following factors in an X ray?

A

Number of photons generated

37
Q

Increasing the _______ on the x-ray unit increases the number of photons created.

A

mA (milliamperage)

38
Q

Higher mA results in the production of higher amounts of _______ while lowering the mA reduces this.

A

radiation

39
Q

The amount of __________ used for the production of x-ray beam affects the intensity and degree of penetration of the beam.

A

kVp

NBDE Part II (14 decks)

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