Radiology

Question 1

What aspect influences the PENETRATING quality of x-ray beams?

Answer 1

KILOVOLTAGE

Question 2

DECREASING _________ increases radiographic density

Answer 2

Source film distance

Question 3

What was the example of something NOT on the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 3

Alpha rays

Question 4

What type of radiograph is LEAST helpful in determining anatomical integrity of the TMJ?

Answer 4

Pano

Question 5

A LONGER Gray Scale Contrast is achieved with INCREASING ________

Answer 5

KILOVOLTAGE

Question 6

electrons carry energy from CATHODE to ANODE…this is converted to ________ in the target

Answer 6

HEAT

Question 7

an x-ray does of 4 Gy will cause what reaction in the arm?

Answer 7

erythema

Question 8

What is the recommended vertical angulation of the x-ray cone when taking a BTW?

Answer 8

+5 to +10 degrees

Question 9

Increasing mA on an x-ray unit raises WHAT?

Answer 9

of photons released

Question 10

What mechanism blocks low-energy photons (lowers dose to patient)?

Answer 10

Aluminum filter

Question 11

WHAT METAL filament makes the e- cloud

Answer 11

TUNGSTEN

Question 12

________ makes the focusing cup

Answer 12

MOLY-BEN-UM

Question 13

What metal stem acts as heat sink?

Answer 13

Copper

Question 14

_______ (high voltage) transformer: increases potential difference between cathode and anode

Answer 14

Step up

Question 15

_______ (filament) transformer: decreases voltage to prevent burning filament

Answer 15

step down

Question 16

_____ of the beam = ENERGY of photons

Answer 16

QUALITY

Question 17

______ of the beam = NUMBER of photons

Answer 17

Quantity

Question 18

INCREASE IN _________ = INCREASE in QUALITY AND QUANTITY

Answer 18

KILOVOLTAGE

Question 19

INCREASE IN ________ AND _______ = INCREASE IN QUANTITY of photons

Answer 19

Milliamperage (mA = current = # of charged particles that pass a point each second) AND TIME

Question 20

Inverse square law = intensity of the x-ray beam is INVERSELY proportional to the SQUARE of the ________ from the source

Answer 20

DISTANCE

Question 21

_________ Effects: Effects occur once threshold is reached

Answer 21

Deterministic

Question 22

_______ Effects: threshold reached, severity proportional to dose Ex: oral mucositis after radiation therapy

Answer 22

Deterministic

Question 23

________ Effects: Effects may occur independent of dose; ie, no threshold dose

Answer 23

STO-CHAS-TIC effects

Question 24

__________ effects: Probability proportional to dose Ex: radiation-induced cancer

Answer 24

STO-CHAS-TIC effects

Question 25

What component of the cell is MOST sensitive to radiation?

Answer 25

Nucleus and DNA

Question 26

What type of x-ray uses an intensifying screen? (less _______ BUT decreased _________)

Answer 26

Panos (and cephs)....(less radiation BUT decreased resolution)

Question 27

Image SHARPNESS is improved by ______ focal spot

Answer 27

small

Question 28

Image SHARPNESS is improved by _______ distance between focal spot and object

Answer 28

INCREASING

Question 29

Image SHARPNESS is improved by ________ distance between object and receptor

Answer 29

MINIMIZING

Question 30

__________: film is at right angle to x-ray beam, but tooth is not at right angle to x-ray beam

Answer 30

Foreshortening

Question 31

________: tooth is at right angle to x-ray beam, but film is not at right angle to x-ray beam

Answer 31

Elongation

Question 32

What element captures x-ray energy in a DIGITAL SENSOR?

Answer 32

Silicon

Question 33

The "Y line of Ennis" is a super imposition of the floor of the nasal cavity and the border of the maxillary sinus. Its a good marker for WHICH TOOTH?

Answer 33

maxillary canine

Question 34

When making a radiograph, the number of electrons produced determines....

Answer 34

JUST the QUANTITY of x-rays produced

Question 35

The best way to produce a radiographic image with low contrast is by doing which of the following?

Answer 35

INCREASE kVp

Question 36

The milliamperage is directly proportional to which of the following factors in an X ray?

Answer 36

Number of photons generated

Question 37

Increasing the _______ on the x-ray unit increases the number of photons created.

Answer 37

mA (milliamperage)

Question 38

Higher mA results in the production of higher amounts of _______ while lowering the mA reduces this.

Answer 38

radiation

Question 39

The amount of __________ used for the production of x-ray beam affects the intensity and degree of penetration of the beam.

Answer 39

kVp