Rescue Operations Bulletins Flashcards
Shaft door
Outer elevator door
Car door
Inner elevator door
Key-way
Keyhole located in upper corner of a shaft door. Provides a means of releasing a latch and opening door manually
Torso Reflex
Gasp reflex which causes aspiration and laryngospasm
Whales
Braces placed horizontally against sheeting to transmit load from sheeting to shores
Uprights
Planks between sheeting and shores. Adds strength to shoring systems
Braking system on steel cable elevator
Electric magnet holds brakes open. When electricity is cut off, brake shoes are held closed by spring pressure
quick facts mammalian diving reflex
Heart rate drops 50%
Blood flow decreases to the extremities
Blood shunts to torso to prevent lung collapse
Extend survival time in cold water
Continue in rescue mode for at least an hour
Braking system on hydraulic elevator
When electricity is cut off, operating solenoids cause oil to be locked in the system
Downstream spotter
Rescue/safety
Report downstream hazards
In a water rescue, the throw bag is effective up to _______ feet
60
Tension cracks
Cracks in ground adjacent to trench
Indicate warning of secondary collapse
High angle rescue
Load predominantly supported by rope
Above or below grade
Low angle rescue
Load predominantly supported by rescuers.
Rope required as fall protection
Time delay detonation of explosives
Mechanical triggering device using a time piece to initiate explosion at a specific time
Remote controlled detonation of explosives
Detonated via radio frequency
Upstream spotter
Persons positioned to spot floating debris and warn downstream units
Cold water immersion
Water temp below 70 deg
Continue in rescue mode for at least one hour
Strainer
Allows water to flow but not solid objects
Hydraulic
Water flows over an object and then recirculates
2 types of elevators
Steel wire cables
Hydraulic
Confined space
Big enough that a person can enter and perform work
Limited or restricted means for entry and exit
Not designed for continuous occupancy
Rope load
Everything hanging on the rope system at the opposite end of the anchor
V-type collapse
Floor/roof collapses near the center. Causes two void spaces on outer walls
Pole your way
If no key way to desired car, open closest and use pole to open next, etc.
Propane vapor density
1.6
Will sodium azide cannister explode in a car fire?
No
The airbag is designed to inflate if heated above 300 deg
What 2 types of elevators are in metro stations?
Hydraulic-From mezzanine to platform
Electric traction-“A” route-red line from DuPont north into Maryland. Also wherever depth from surface to mezzanine exceeds height limit for hydraulic
Emergency Fireman’s switch activated:
inside car
Complete control in car: hall buttons inactive
Constant pressure on buttons to operate
Car remains at floor with doors open
Remove key, car goes back to lobby and automatic control
what happens when Fire Department switch placed in operation
outside car
If elevator is going up, it will stop at the next floor, doors don’t open, and the car returns to the entry floor
If the elevator is going down, it will travel directly to the entry floor
The airbag inflates at a collision force equal to hitting a brick wall at __________
10-14mph
What’s the most frequent weapon of the terrorist
Conventional bomb
IED
3 types of explosive
Pyrotechnics-Fireworks
Low Order- <3000’/sec. Designed to burn
High Order- >3000’/sec
Contact with steering wheel hub should be avoided for ________ minutes
15 minutes
A minimum of __________ inches of space should be left between the rescuer and the path of an airbag?
10-14”
Airbag cannister designed to deploy if heated above ________
300 deg
When can a member attempt to enter water or travel across ice?
The incident commander has:
Been given an accurate size-up
Been advised of intended actions
Given approval for above actions
How fast does an airbag inflate?
200mph or 1/20th of a second
Staging distance for confined space
100’
Staging for high angle
100’
Members approaching a trench shall do so from ____________
The narrowest portion
How many members should recon for trench rescue?
2
Initial actions for PRE-detonation at bombing incidents
Incident commander makes contact with police
Deploy units as needed
Level 3 accountability
Pull PPE
Staging for PRE-detonation at bombing incidents
Stage together at one location 1500’ away
Look around for possible secondary devices
Staging for POST-detonation at bombing incidents
With exception of first due engine, stage together at one location 1500’ away
Where are key-ways on single shaft elevators?
Each floor including the basement
Command detonation of explosives
Switch or button activated by hand
Bank elevator system
More than one car to a shaft
Lean-to collapse
One of the supporting walls fail. One end of roof/floor rests on a lower level
Communications on bombing incidents
Within 500’ of incident:
No mobile/portable radios
No MDT use
No personal or dept cell phones.
Elevator key-way
Located in upper corner of shaft door
Provides a means of releasing the latch and opening door manually
Cantilever collapse
One end of the floor or roof is hanging free
Ground pads
Material used to distribute weight and forces over surface area.
Minimizes possibility of secondary collapse
Sheeting
Wood planks and panels that support trench walls
Propane Expansion Ratio
270:1
When can someone other than the squad enter a confined space?
ABSOLUTELY not a permit-required space, and:
Victim is visible from entrance and no more than 25’ away
No specialized equipment or procedure is required
Victim is unstable or will be improved by immediate removal
What info is included in the first arriving unit’s size-up for water rescue
Point last seen Number of victims Age of victims Time in water Type and color of clothing Swimming ability How they entered the water Water conditions
Hard-wired detonation of explosive
Electrical wire between devices or leading away from device
River right/left
When looking downstream
Spoil pile
Mound of material removed from an excavation
Slough-in
Collapse of a portion of a trench wall where an overhang remains
Flash flood
Rapid rise in water due to heavy rain
Shoring
Lengths of timber, screw jacks, hydraulic or pneumatic jacks that hold sheeting against trench walls
Where are key-ways on banked elevators
Basement, first, top
In water rescue, establish a hot zone/exclusionary zone at least ________ feet from the water’s edge
20 feet
No turnout gear, including helmet, within _______ feet of a body of water
20 feet
PFD must be worn within ___________ feet of the water’s edge
10 feet
Elevator consists of:
Elevator car
Steel guide rails
Guide shoes
Where is the electric switch for a hydraulic elevator usually located
At the hydraulic pump located next to the cylinder
If the elevator cables are damaged or there is slack, what do we do?
Only work above the car
Secure car with chain or cables
Steps for elevator emergency
Location of car & condition of passengers Locate maintenance man/super to restore service If we have to do it: Shut off power and station a member Check cables Open shaft door and car door Remove entrapped persons Leave power off and secure doors
Where is Fire department emergency key switch?
All elevators made or renovated after 1969
At entry floor of elevator:
“Key for switch kept in master-keyed locked compartment within sight of elevator with solid metal cover”
Steps for Metro elevator emergency
Kiosk. What car? What has been done? ETA on elevator mechanic Did a passenger hit "Emergency stop button?" OOS/Override/Emergency stop from kiosk? Fireman Emergency Elevator Key Go to elevator machine room, turn off, wait 30 seconds, turn back on Contact Metro OCC (1970) Close and lock all doors.
When are metro elevator mechanics on duty
0800-1600 Monday-Friday
On call other times
Metro stations with electric traction elevators
Friendship Heights Tenleytown Van Ness Cleveland Park Woodley park/Zoo DuPont circle
Water rescue assignment
1 engine 1 truck 2 closest squads with boats Special Ops BC HazMat Fire boat and/or Support unit Safety Officer BLS & ALS unit EMS Supervisor
Ferry angle
Have victim swim upstream at a 45 deg angle
Initial actions for water and ice rescue
Size-up Additional resources Hot zone/exclusionary zone Level 3 accountability Search immediate area Keep visual and verbal contact with victims reach/throw Injuries? Decon/document
Hypothermia symptoms by temp
96 Shivering
90 Rigidity, dulled LOC
85 Pulse and resp slow, ALOC
80 Unconscious and death
3 Components of airbag system
Bag itself- Nylon fabric
Sensor- Force ~10-14mph
Inflation system
Sodium Azide + Potassium Nitrate = Nitrogen gas
3 types of “Smoke” when airbag deploys
Corn starch/talcum powder which lubricates the bag
Sealant used to prolong the life of the bag
Small particles- by-products of the chemical reaction that produced the nitrogen gas
Safety stuff for airbags after mva
Look for cannister before cutting posts
Some airbags can inflate more than once
Not all airbags will deploy in an accident
Considerations for deactivating an airbag
Un-deployed airbag is unlikely to deploy after a crash
Keep minimum of 10-14” away from undeployed airbag
Don’t cut through steering column
On/Off switch for airbag works for?
Usually only for frontal airbags
What type of emergency is responsible for the most firefighter deaths?
Structural collapse
Structural collapse dispatch “Cave-in task force”
Engine 15 and next closest engine 1 Truck RS3 and next closest squad Special Ops Chief Collapse Unit Collapse Support Unit Safety Officer HazMat unit 1 BLS, 1 ALS EMS Captain Air Unit
When can we enter a structural collapse?
Structural integrity has been evaluated and deemed safe
Approved by the incident commander
Signs of secondary collapse
Walls out of plumb, cracks Doors "racked" Beams/joists pulling away Sagging ceilings Cracked joints Failure of structural connectors Utility issues Noises
First due engine structural collapse
Responsibility
Stop a minimum of 500’ from debris
Direct ambulatory patients to Rx/Triage
Gather and interview uninjured occupants
Locate jobsite foreman/reliable witnesses
Location, number, and condition of victims
Building use and occupancy
What were occupants doing
Staging distance for collapse rescue
1500’
First due truck responsibilities on Structural collapse
Level 3 accountability
Establish exclusionary zone
Establish collapse zone 1.5x height of building
Eliminate sources of vibration 500’ in all directions
Control utilities
Define confined space entry
As soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space
includes ensuing work activities associated with rescues
Hazardous atmosphere
Anything that exposes personnel to risk:
Flammable gas/vapor/mist >10% LEL
Airborne combustible dust at concentration that meets/exceeds LFL (= 5’ visibility)
Oxygen <19.5% or >23.5%
Any other substance > permissible exposure limit
Any IDLH
Atmospheric monitoring
Evaluating ambient atmosphere of a space.
Including O2, flammability, and toxicity
Permit-required confined space
Contains or has a potentially hazardous atmosphere
Contains material that could engulf
Inward converging walls, sloping/tapering floors
Any other safety hazard
Confined space dispatch
1 Engine 1 Truck RS2 and next closest squad Special Ops Chief HazMat 1 BLS & 1 ALS EMS Captain Air Unit
The atmosphere of all confined spaces shall be evaluated for what three conditions?
Oxygen content
Flammable gas/vapor
Potential toxic contaminants
IN THAT ORDER
First due engine confined space
Level 3 accountability
Establish exclusionary zone
Locate job site foreman/reliable witnesses
Secure entry permit & MSDS sheets
Location, number, and condition of victims
What were they doing before the incident
First due truck confined space
Remove electrical power Place all machines in "zero mechanical state" Ventilate using electric fan Open all additional openings Full PPE if IDLH or unknown Monitor atmosphere
High angle dispatch
1 Engine 1 Truck RS1 and next closest squad SP Ops Chief Safety officer 1 BLS & 1 ALS
Minimum acceptable PPE for rope rescue
Helmet and gloves
All personnel operating on high angle within ________ of the edge shall be ___________
5’
Tethered to an anchor point
First due engine high angle
Request task force if not already assigned
Determine entry & establish level 3 accountability
Location, number, and condition of victims
What were they doing before the incident
First due truck responsibilities high angle
Establish safety zone Identify and remove hazards Remove electrical power "Zero mechanical state" Ventilate if needed Evaluate need for air monitoring, confined space response
Rescue squad initial responsibility on high angle rescue
Locate victim and determine level of cooperation
Confer with Safety Officer to decide on rescue/recovery mode
Determine method of rescue, brief rescue sector units
Begin rescue
Minimum certification level of rescue/ops safety officer on high angle
Rope rescue II-Operations
Usually the officer on the second dispatched squad
Trench definition
An excavation that is deeper than it is wide
Length of the bottom exceeds the width
Generally limited to excavations less than 15’ wide and less that 20’ deep
Trench collapse dispatch
Eng 15 and next closest engine 1 Truck RS3 and next closest squad Special Ops Chief Collapse Unit Collapse Support Unit Safety officer HazMat 1 BLS & 1 ALS EMS Captain
Staging distance for trench rescue
200’
First due engine trench rescue
Locate foreman/reliable witnesses
What was the nature of work being performed
Additional hazards
What happened, what actions have been taken
How long has trench been open?
Location, number, and condition of victims
Move ambulatory victims to triage area
Evacuate civilians
Get victims to self rescue
First due truck trench rescue
Level 3 accountability
Establish exclusionary zone 200’ in all directions
Eliminate sources of vibration 500’ in all directions
Initial size-up on scene of water rescue
Confirm location Best access points for boat and land Alternate access points Point last seen Number of victims Age of victims Time in the water Swimming ability How they entered the water Water conditions
