Reproductive + Urinary System (Ch 21)

Question 1

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 1

one organism; budding
=one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

Question 2

what is sexual reproduction

Answer 2

2 organisms are; fertilization & zygote

Question 3

3 types of invertebrates asexual reproduction

Answer 3

1. binary fission
2. budding
3. fragmentation

Question 4

budding meaning

Answer 4

new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones

Question 5

binary fission meaning

Answer 5

separation of a parent into 2 or more of same size

Question 6

fragmentation meaning

Answer 6

breaking organisms body in several pieces

Question 7

why is sexual more favorable than asexual reproduction

Answer 7

asexual is:
Don’t provide genetic variability
Not energy efficient
Few organism result

Question 8

sexual reproduction meaning

Answer 8

2 parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes from parents

Question 9

2 types of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

1. external fertilization
   2.internal fertilization

Question 10

what is internal fertilization and example

Answer 10

Sperm deposited in / near female reproductive tract + fertilization occurs within tract
Ex: humans and animals

Question 11

how does necturus (salamander) produce fertilization

Answer 11

Female pick up sperm w/ cioca and squeezes it into her reproductive organ

Question 12

what does external fertilization do

Answer 12

Eggs shed by female are fertilized by sperm outside body of female (male releases sperm)

Question 13

pathway of egg

Answer 13

Ovary
Oviduct
Cervix (uterus)
Vagina
Vaginal opening

Question 14

what is endometriosis and how does it occur

Answer 14

one of the most common gynecological conditions
=Occurs when tissue (endometrium) lining inside uterus grows outside uterus

Question 15

where does endometriosis occur

Answer 15

Often in pelvic and abdominal area

Question 16

other terms for endometriosis

Answer 16

areas May be called implants, lesions, nodules

Question 17

Nodules occur: (4)

Answer 17

On or under ovaries
Behind uterus
On tissues that hold uterus in lace
On bowels/ bladder

Question 18

causes of endometriosis

Answer 18

inherited
Results from genetic mutations
High estrogen
Environment agents influence (chemical exposure)

Question 19

endometriosis symptoms

Answer 19

painful period - severe cramping
Painful intercourse
Fatigue / exhaustion
Other abdominal pain - lower back pain
Heavy/ irregular bleeding

Question 20

how to test for endometriosis

Answer 20

ultrasounds
MRI
Laparoscopy - surgery that views nodules or obtain biopsy

Question 21

pathway of sperm

Answer 21

Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Sperm duct
Urethra
Urogenital opening

Question 22

what is testis

Answer 22

paired testes produce sperm

Question 23

where does testis hang

Answer 23

below scrotum for sperm production

Question 24

sperm are produced by __ in __

Answer 24

meiosis, seminiferous tubules

Question 25

where is sperm collected

Answer 25

epididymis that lead to vas deferens

Question 26

epididymis stores what

Answer 26

sperm cells

Question 27

3 sets of male accessory glands

Answer 27

1. seminal vesicles 2. prostate gland 3. Bulbourethral gland (root of penis)

Question 28

function of seminal vesicle

Answer 28

Secretes fructose rich fluid Nourishment for sperm cells

Question 29

Prostate gland function

Answer 29

Secretes alkaline fluid rich in prostaglandins Neutralize acidic environment of vagina

Question 30

Bulbourethral gland (root of penis) produce:

Answer 30

Produce mucus for movement

Question 31

where does fluid portion of semen drain into

Answer 31

drain into spermatic duct or base or urethra

Question 32

prostate cancer

Answer 32

cancer cells form in prostate tissues

Question 33

Prostate cancer Symptoms

Answer 33

needy to urinate Painful urination Difficult having erection Painful ejaculation Blood in semen and urine

Question 34

risk factors of prostate cancer

Answer 34

Age =over 55 (avert 70) Family history = higher risk if diagnosed before 60

Question 35

Urinary (excretory system) function

Answer 35

excretion (gets rid of metabolic wastes) Produces proteins and nucleic acids

Question 36

what type of waste does urinary get rid of

Answer 36

nitrogenous wastes

Question 37

what nitrogenous waste does aquatic animals get rid of

Answer 37

ammonia

Question 38

what nitrogenous waste does mammals, humans get rid of

Answer 38

urea

Question 39

what type of nitrogenous waste do birds, reptiles, insects get rid of

Answer 39

uric acid

Question 40

Pathway of urine:

Answer 40

Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Urinary opening (female) Urogenital opening (male)

Question 41

2 distinct region of mammalian kidney

Answer 41

Outer (cortex) Inner (medulla)

Question 42

Nephron function

Answer 42

functional unit of kidney Consists of single long tubule + glomerulus (ball of capillaries)

Question 43

renal vein oxygenated blood or deoxygenated

Answer 43

oxygenated(towards kdiney)

Question 44

how does excretory systems produce urine

Answer 44

refining a filtrate derived from bodily fluids

Question 45

4 types of filtration from body fluids

Answer 45

Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion

Question 46

filtration

Answer 46

Excretory tubule collects a filtrate from blood Water & solutes are forced by blood pressure into tubule

Question 47

Reabsorption

Answer 47

Valuable substances are reclaimed from the filtrate and returned to body fluids

Question 48

Secretion

Answer 48

Other substances (toxins) are extracted from body fluids and added to contents of tubule

Question 49

Excretion

Answer 49

Filtrate leaves body

Question 50

glomerulus filters __

Answer 50

small solutes from blood

Question 51

ascending loop of henle reabsorbs _

Answer 51

Na+ and Cl- from filtrate into interstitial fluid

Question 52

proximal convoluted tubule function

Answer 52

water, ions, nutrients and remove toxins and adjust filtrate pH

Question 53

distal tubule function

Answer 53

secretes and absorbs diff ions

Question 54

collective duct reabsorbs _

Answer 54

solutes and water from filtrate

Question 55

descending loop of henle allows __

Answer 55

water to pass from filtrate into interstitial

Question 56

kidney pathway

Answer 56

2. glomerulus 2. proximal convoluted tubules 3. descending loop of Henle 4. ascending loop of Henle 5. Distal tubule 6. collecting duct

Question 57

advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 57

genetic variation; survival