Diversity of Fungi. Protista, Bacteria (Ch 28 & 29) Flashcards
is fungi heterotroph or autotroph
heterotroph
3 functions of fungi
1) Recycling essential chemical elements back to environment
2) Help plant roots absorb water and minerals from soil
3) Decomposition releases CO2 into atmosphere and returns nitrogenous compounds to soil to be used by plants and animals
what does fungi produce and live where
poisonous toxins, live in many environments
where does fungi grow
Grow on paint, leather, cloth, bread (warm/ moist environment)
Mushrooms, yeasts, molds
fungal morphology (external features)
consists of mycelia (network of branched hyphae adapted for absorption)
what is hypha (basic structure of fungi)
slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei
mycelium function
permeate soil, water, living tissue
4 types of Phylum: Ascomycota = Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Aleutian aurantia
Tuber melanosporum
Morchella esculenta
Neurospora crassa
2 types of fungi
1) Phylum: Ascomycota = Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
2) Phylum Basidiomycota = Basidiomycetes (club fungi)
Aleutian aurantia
orange peel fungus
Tuber melanosporum
truffle (emits strong odors)
Morchella esculenta
under trees in orchards
Neurospora crassa
feeds as mold on bread and other food
Penicillium
mold in food
when does yeast grow
in various stages of budding
4 types of Phylum Basidiomycota = Basidiomycetes (club fungi)
1) Fly agaric
2) Shelf fungi
3) Puffballs
4) Maiden veil fungus
Fly agaric
in conifer forests
Shelf fungi
Decomposers of wood
Puffballs
emitting spores
Maiden veil fungus
fungus w/ odor like rotting meat
fungi harming plants example
Ex: Ergots to produce fungal growths on grains
toxins isolates from ergots are used to:
Produce LSD
Stop nasal bleeding
Stop maternal bleeding after childbirth
why are fungi successful
produce spores easily
what can ergots cause to humans
hallucinations, temporary insanity and death
Fungi harming animals:
mycosis
term for fungal infections
mycosis examples
Athletes foot
Vaginal yeast infections
Urinary tract infections
Thrush
Commercially valuable fungi
=baking and production of beer (yeast)
=Antibiotics (penicillium)
=Certain species used to produce cheese w/ flavours and odors
=truffles
Penicillium Roqueforti
blue cheese
who discovered penicillin and when
Alexander Fleming (1928) = Antibiotic derived from fungus
what is lichen made of (symbiotic)
alga and fungus
Fungus = structure
Algae = provide nourishment
3 types of lichen
- fruticose (shrub) = in tree
- foliose (leaf like) = tree trunk, rocks
- crustose (crust like) = common on rocks
group protista belongs in what domain
eukarya
Major feature group protista possess: (5)
- Eukaryotic cellular structure
- Cellular anatomy
- Life’s cycle
- Ecological roles
- Membrane bound nucleus + other organelles
characteristics of protist (4)
Most are aquatic
If terrestrial, live in damp soil
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Can be unicellular or multicellular
protists are grouped as (3)
Plant like (algae)
Animal like (Protozoa)
Fungal like (molds/ mildews)
Algae (plant like Protists)
Photosynthetic (autotrophs)
In aquatic environments
Unicellular or multicellular
Protozoa (animal like protist)
Most are in marine environment
Reproduction = asexual
Eat other organisms (heterotrophs)
Often pathogens
example of a protozoa
Ex: Trypanosoma
Have flagella
Cause African sleeping sickness
Molds & Mildews (Fungus like Protists)
Slimy
Plasmodial slime molds (bright Colors) = plasmodium
Water molds (wet areas, dead decay)
Mildews (surface of leaves)
domain bacteria characteristic (5)
colonized every region of earth
Reproduce rapidly (binary fission)
Have prokaryotic cells
Exhibit variety shapes
Most unicellular, some colonial
3 shapes of bacteria
Spherical (cocci)
Rod shaped (bacilli)
Spiral (spirilla)
chemical cycling (bacteria benefits)
- recycling elects b/w living and non living
- Many bacteria are Decomposers
= Break down corpses, dead vegetation, wastes - Nitrogen- fixing bacteria add usable nitrogen to environment
Research & Technology (bacteria benefits)
= experiments with prokaryotes led to DNA technology and genetic advances
= Good for study virus and bacteria
= Synthesis of vitamins
Used in research on antibiotics, hormones, food
harmful bacteria examples
Lyme diseases
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
Food poisoning
most important group of bacteria
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
cyanobacteria are photosynthetic what does this mean
producers of oxygen
what does cyanobacteria cause
algal blooms in lakes (polluted water)
where is cyanobacteria found
Common in lakes, ponds, tropical oceans
