Circulatory + Respiratory System (Ch 19 & 20) Flashcards
invertebrates (molluscs + arthoropods) have what kind of circulatory system
open circulatory system
describe process of open circulatory system
=Blood is pumped out of open-ended vessels to bathe organs
=Nutrients diffuse out of blood into body cells
=Pores allow blood to be drawn back into heart @ relaxed state
how does crayfish use open circulatory system
heart pumps blood out of opening of circulatory vessels bathe all of its cells
animals and humans have what kind of circulatory system
closed circulatory system
how does closed circulatory system work
Heart pumps blood through closed system of blood vessels
2 types of closed circulatory system and exampples
single = fish
double = humans
how many chambers does heart have
4 (2 atria and 2 ventricles)
size of heart
fist
what does red and blue represent in heart
red = oxygenated (high oxygen, low CO2) and blue is vice versa
2 circuits that blood gets pumped
- Pulmonary = carries blood b/w hearts + lungs
- Systemic = carries blood b/w heart + rest of the organs and tissues
is heart single or double pump and why
double
This is to create pressure needed to get O2 + nutrients to all body cells
Take up wastes for elimination
2 major parts of human circulatory system
heart + blood cells (arteries + veins)
does arteries carry blood away or towards heart
away
is left side pump oxygenated or deoxygenated
oxygenated
blood leaves heart from _ and returns via _
ventricles, atria
Pulmonary arteries
function
Only arteries that transport deoxygenated blood / blood flow in oxygen from heart into lungs
pulmonary veins function
Only veins that transport oxygenated blood from lungs into heart
location of heart
under breastbone or sternum
valve function
ensures that blood only goes one direction
2 types of valve
tricuspid and bicuspid
Tricuspid valve location
(right atrioventricular valve) = valve b/w right atrium + ventricle
Bicuspid valve location
(left atrioventricular valve, mitral valve)
why is pulmonary veins thin
blood only goes to lungs (short loop)
pulmonary trunk function
carry blood into lungs
Chordae tendineae function
cords of tissues that holds valve in place
what happens to valve returning form tissues fills atria
blood pressure on these valves forces them to open into ventricles (which then fills blood)
Ventricles contracts
Blood pressures forces valves to close
ensure u know the 7 steps of pulmonary circuit
refer to google doc notes
2 main veins that carry deoxygenated back to heart:
1) Superior / anterior vena cava (carries blood from upper body)
2)Inferior / posterior vena cava (brings blood from lower body)
where does vena cava drain
Both drain into RA which pumps to RV and 2 circuits repeated
aorta function
delivers blood to rest of body tissues via arteries
function of capillary beds
where gas exchange b/w CO2 and O2 happen
Capillaries are only made of one layer, what is this layer?
thin wall of endothelial cells
3 layers of blood vessels
Tunica Intima
Media
Adventitia
Tunica Intima layer
=Innermost layer surrounds central space of vessel through which blood flows (lumen)
=Made of single layer of endothelium =
=provides smooth lining that allows blood flow easily
Media layer
=Middle layer made up of layers of smooth muscle cells + elastic fibres
=Muscle cells can relax + contract
=Makes lumen bigger / smaller
=Elastin = allows blood vessel to stretch + recoil
Adventitia layer
=Outer layer made of connective tissues w/ fibres
=Layer protects blood vessel, attaches it to surrounding structures
=Allows vessel to stretch + recoil
blood is a type of what tissue
connective b/c it has cells
blood consists of cells and what liquid
plasma
3 types of blood
- RBC (erythrocytes_
- WBC (leukocytes)
- platelets
what causes anemia
low amnt of RBC or hemoglobin
WBC function
fight infections
platelets function
blood clotting
2 main types of arteries
Elastic arteries
muscular arteries
Elastic arteries function (4)
=Include aorta + branches
=Close to heart so experiences greatest pressure as heart contracts
=Contracts = elastic tissue of arteries allows them to expand
=Relaxes: recoils
Muscular arteries
function
Has mostly smooth muscle in middle layer
Deliver blood to organs of body
where does blood pressure drop rapidly
arterioles
term for when arteries branch into smaller blood vessels
arterioles
what is Smallest + thinnest vessels
Arranged in capillary beds
capillaries
capillaries link what
Link arterioles + venules
what is capillaries made of
thin layer of endothelium
Allows exchange of materials b/w blood and cells
what Carry blood to veins
venules
what returns blood to heart
veins