Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Finals > Digestive System (Ch 18) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Ch 18) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

another term for digestive system

A

alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is it called a canal

A

has lumen (space inside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 steps of food processing

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination / Egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ingestion

A

process of taking in food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is digestion

A

process of breaking down food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemical digestion

A

involves enzymes that are specific to certain molecules + break them into smaller pieces (enzymatic hydrolysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mechanical digestion

A

Physical grinding up of molecules into smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amylase is responsible for ___ of __

A

hydrolysis of starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lipase is responsible for __ of __

A

hydrolysis of lipids and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of food from digestive to circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is absorption done and where

A

diffusion, small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

water absorption occurs in

A

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

water absorption occurs in

A

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elimination

A

final step of food processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does undigested material go

A

from the large intestine into the outside environment via anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the __ causes the tube like appearance

A

alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 types of salivary glands

A

sublingual, parotid, submandibular (submaxillary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mechanical digestion in the mouth occurs in form

A

chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 steps food takes

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does chemical digestion also occur

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does salivary gland produce

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does saliva enter mouth

A

through ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does Salivary amylase
break down

A

Breaks down starch into a compound called maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is starch broken down by

A

salivary amylase to form maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is maltose composed of

A

2 glucose molecules (disaccharide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pharynx

A

chamber common to both respiratory + digestive systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Epiglottis

A

small piece of cartilage that prevents food from passing into trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens to larynx when swallowing

A

the larynx is first pulled upward, causing epiglottis to cover the entrance to the respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is bolus

A

food in a ball form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

muscular contractions in which food is moved down stomach

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is esophagus

A

muscular tube that passes food from mouth to stomach

33
Q

Cardiac orifice (opening)

A

entrance to stomach

34
Q

mouth function

A

Moistens food w/ saliva from salivary glands
begins breakdown of starch

35
Q

does trachea open or close when breathing

A

open

36
Q

function of stomach

A
  1. Stores material
  2. Produces digestive enzymes + gastric juice (HCL + Enzymes)
  3. where protein digestion occur
37
Q

HCL function

A

lowers stomach pH

38
Q

low pH actives __

A

pepsinogen into pepsin

39
Q

rugae (folds)

A

internal stomach

40
Q

Pepsinogen

A

inactive form of pepsin + secreted by chief cells

41
Q

pepsin

A

breaks peptide bonds of protein chains (to become a.a.) then moved to small intestine for absorption

42
Q

Chyme

A

contents from stomach mixed w/ gastric juices

43
Q

how does chyme move from stomach to SI

A

through pyloric sphincter

44
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

band of smooth muscle that regulates food passage from stomach into small intestine

45
Q

summary of secretion of pepsin in stomach

A

1.Pepsinogen + HCL are secreted into stomach
2.HCL converts pepsinogen to pepsin
3. Pepsin activates more pepsinogen into pepsin to start a chain reaction

46
Q

where is chemical digestion completes

A

SI

47
Q

what happens in Duodenum

A

absorption takes place

48
Q

what is and what happens in jejunum and Ileum

A

Organs that aid inc chemical digestion

Secretions are drained into duodenum via specific ducts

49
Q

where is villi and microvilli

A

duodenum

50
Q

Absorption

A

process where nutrients are diffused into bloodstream through villi -> capillaries -> cell memb

51
Q

project off the villi

A

microvilli

52
Q

Villi

A

small, finger- like projections away from wall of s.i
Supplied w/ capillaries (blood vessels)

53
Q

3 accessory organs of stomach

A

liver, pancreas, gallbladder

54
Q

liver function

A

1.Detoxification (alcohol)
2.Storage of glucose (in form of glycogen)
3. Produces bile
3. Break down big fat droplets into smaller pieces = emulsification

55
Q

what is Pancreatic amylase (maltase) function

A

Breaks down disaccharide into monosaccharides (maltose into glucose)

Responsible for starch digestion

56
Q

what does pancreas secret

A

pancreatic lipase

57
Q

what is pancreatic lipase

A

Enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into glycerol + fatty acids after emulsified

58
Q

what does pancreas produce

A

Produce many digestive enzymes (Pancreatic trypsin + chymotrypsin)

produce hormones (insulin and glucagon)

59
Q

gallbladder function

A

Stores bile
Bile from gallbladder released into small intestine
Gallstones (cholecystitis)

60
Q

what does parietal cells secrete

A

HCL

61
Q

what does mucus cells secrete

A

mucus which protects cells lining

62
Q

jejunum + Ileum function

A

Also responsible for absorption of nutrients
Reabsorb some water back into body

63
Q

where is cecum and appendix in

A

jejunum and ileum

64
Q

Cecum

A

small sac in T shaped intersection where material movies from small intes to large

65
Q

Appendix

A

edge of cecum that is a finger like projection

66
Q

long intestine function

A

Storage + elimination of solid wastes
Secretion of mucus (goblet cell) to allow passage of solids

67
Q

large intestine is also decomposition of

A

organic material w/ help of bacteria (e coli)
- Bacteria feed on waste + indigestible materials (cellulose)

68
Q

what does large intestine produce

A

vitamins (k and biotin)

69
Q

what does rectum do

A

stores and eliminate waste

70
Q

3 parts of long intestine

A

Ascending (going up)
Transverse (across)
Descending (going down)

71
Q

bile function

A

breaks down fats to smaller particles

72
Q

what is enzymes

A

catalyst and is almost always a protein.
It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell.
The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over

73
Q

enzymes are exported from pancreas via

A

pancreatic duct into SI

74
Q

tryptsin

A

digestion of proteins

75
Q

2 ways of mechanical digestion

A

chewing and churning in stomach

76
Q

3 ways of chemical digestion

A
  1. saliva in mouth (salivary amylase)
  2. acid and pepsin in stomach (HCL)
    3.enzymes in SI (p. amylase, lipase, trypsin)
77
Q

cardiac sphincter regulates

A

how much will get into stomach

78
Q

5 pathways of food

A
  1. mouth
    - salivary glands
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. liver
  6. pancreas
    7.gallbladder
  7. small and large instestive
  8. anus

Biology Finals (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions