Plant Structure& Diversity Kingdom Plantae (Ch 25) Flashcards

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1
Q

Root Functions (3)

A

Absorption of water and nutrients
Anchorage (anchor plant into substrate, into soil)
Storage of nutrients

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2
Q

2 types of roots

A

tap (root is directed vertically downward with smaller lateral roots (carrot, beat, radish))

fibrous (have many long slender roots of equal size (rice, wheat, banana))

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3
Q

Symbiotic relationships of plants w/ nitrogen- fixing bacteria

A
  1. bacteria provide plants with fixed nitrogen
  2. Plants provide sugar
    Occurs b/w legume family of plants (peas, beans)
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4
Q

swelling on roots is called

A

nodules

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5
Q

how does nodules occur

A

plants cents that have been infected by nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria

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6
Q

2 stem functions

A
  1. Support for other plant parts (leaves, flowers are attached to it)
  2. Conduct water + nutrients b/w roots and other organs of plant
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7
Q

how does stem conduct water and nutrients

A

uses vascular tissue
Stems has dermal tissue and ground tissue

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8
Q

4 types of modified stems

A
  1. Tubers
  2. Bulbs
  3. Rhizomes
  4. Stolons
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9
Q

What is tubers and examples

A

Thickened stems, specializing for storing food
A) red potatoes
B) reproduction asexual

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10
Q

What is Bulbs

A

Short term w/ flashy eyes for food storage organs

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11
Q

What is Rhizomes

A

Horizontal stem that grows under surface
- edible base of ginger plant

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12
Q

What are Stolons

A

Horizontal stems that grow along surface
= enable plant to reproduce asexually

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13
Q

2 types of vascular tissue types

A
  1. Xylem
  2. Phloem
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14
Q

What does xylem do

A

conducts water and inorganic nutrients (minerals) up the stem of plant

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15
Q

What does phloem do

A

conducts water + photosynthetic products (organic) up and down the plant

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16
Q

3 structures of a leaf

A
  1. Lamina (blade, flat)
  2. Stalk (stipe)
  3. Node (stick attached to leaf to stem)
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17
Q

Leaf function

A

Organ where most photosynthesis occurs
- Leaves adapt to this through shape and structure

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18
Q

Stomata function

A

Function in gas exchange (carbon dioxide and oxygen)

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19
Q

What is pores in stomata surrounded by

A

Guard cells (can change shape to open or close stoma)

20
Q

Modified leaves (5)

A
  1. Tendrils
  2. Spines
  3. Storage leaves
  4. Bracts
  5. Reproductive leaves
21
Q

Tendrils

A

Forms a child that brings plant closer to support

22
Q

Spines

A

A) Spines of cacti (prickly pear) are actually leaves
B) Photosynthesis is carried out mainly by fleshy green stems

23
Q

Storage leaves

A

Some plants have leaves to store water

24
Q

Bracts

A

Red parts of poinsettia are modified leaves,
Bright coloured leaves attracts pollinators

25
Q

Reproductive leaves

A

Some plants produce plantlets, which fall off the lead and take root in soil

26
Q

What is flowers composed of and surrounded by

A

composed of male and female reproductive structures surrounded by petals and sepals (perianth)

27
Q

Sepals

A

develop first in green color and leaf like structure
= Provide protection for internal structures

28
Q

Petals (inside sepals)

A
  • Bright coloured leaf like structure
  • Protection
  • Arrangement is fixed to attract insects for pollination
29
Q

Stamens

A

Inside petals
= Consists of an anther suspended on a filament

30
Q

Anther is site of

A

Site of production of pollen grain that form male gametes

31
Q

What is Carpel composed of

A

Stigma, style, ovary

32
Q

Function of stigma

A

Receive pollen grains

33
Q

Style

A

Where pollen tubes grow

34
Q

What does ovary contain

A

Ovules which contains egg

35
Q

What happens to pollen tube in fertilization

A

Pollen tube transfer male gamete to egg in embryo sac

36
Q

3 types of kingdom plantae

A
  1. Mosses (phylum Bryophyta)
  2. Ferns (phylum Pterophyta)
  3. Seed plants
    - Gymnosperms (Non flowering plants)
    - Angiosperms (flowering plants)
37
Q

Mosses (phylum Bryophyta)

A

location: damp, shady, dark area, clumps
No vascular tissue
Short
Rely on water for fertilization
Transport of nutrients and water is through diffusion

38
Q

Ferns (Phylum Pterophyta)

A

location: damp, dark area
Possess vascular tissue (xylem, phylem)
Taller than mosses
Rely on water for fertilization

39
Q

Gymnosperms (non flowering)

A

have naked seeds - not enclosed by ovaries
DO NOT PRODUCE FLOWERS

40
Q

4 phyla of Gymnosperm

A
  1. Cycadophyta
  2. Gingkophyta
  3. Gnetophyta
  4. Coniferophyta (conifers; pine)
41
Q

Cycadophyta (cycads)

A

Have large cones + palm like leaves

42
Q

Ginkgophyta (one living species)

A

High tolerance to air pollution
Leaves are used for medical purposes

43
Q

Gnetophyta

A

Some are tropical, others live in desserts

44
Q

Coniferophyta (conifers; pine)

A

Largest phylum of gymnosperms
Most conifers are evergreens

45
Q

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

A
  1. seed plants w/ reproductive structures (flowers and fruits)
  2. Most widespread and diverse of all lands
  3. All are classified in a single phylum, Anthophyta