Plant Structure& Diversity Kingdom Plantae (Ch 25)

Question 1

Root Functions (3)

Answer 1

Absorption of water and nutrients
Anchorage (anchor plant into substrate, into soil)
Storage of nutrients

Question 2

2 types of roots

Answer 2

tap (root is directed vertically downward with smaller lateral roots (carrot, beat, radish))

fibrous (have many long slender roots of equal size (rice, wheat, banana))

Question 3

Symbiotic relationships of plants w/ nitrogen- fixing bacteria

Answer 3

1. bacteria provide plants with fixed nitrogen
2. Plants provide sugar
   Occurs b/w legume family of plants (peas, beans)

Question 4

swelling on roots is called

Answer 4

nodules

Question 5

how does nodules occur

Answer 5

plants cents that have been infected by nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria

Question 6

2 stem functions

Answer 6

1. Support for other plant parts (leaves, flowers are attached to it)
2. Conduct water + nutrients b/w roots and other organs of plant

Question 7

how does stem conduct water and nutrients

Answer 7

uses vascular tissue
Stems has dermal tissue and ground tissue

Question 8

4 types of modified stems

Answer 8

1. Tubers
2. Bulbs
3. Rhizomes
4. Stolons

Question 9

What is tubers and examples

Answer 9

Thickened stems, specializing for storing food
A) red potatoes
B) reproduction asexual

Question 10

What is Bulbs

Answer 10

Short term w/ flashy eyes for food storage organs

Question 11

What is Rhizomes

Answer 11

Horizontal stem that grows under surface
- edible base of ginger plant

Question 12

What are Stolons

Answer 12

Horizontal stems that grow along surface
= enable plant to reproduce asexually

Question 13

2 types of vascular tissue types

Answer 13

1. Xylem
2. Phloem

Question 14

What does xylem do

Answer 14

conducts water and inorganic nutrients (minerals) up the stem of plant

Question 15

What does phloem do

Answer 15

conducts water + photosynthetic products (organic) up and down the plant

Question 16

3 structures of a leaf

Answer 16

1. Lamina (blade, flat)
2. Stalk (stipe)
3. Node (stick attached to leaf to stem)

Question 17

Leaf function

Answer 17

Organ where most photosynthesis occurs
- Leaves adapt to this through shape and structure

Question 18

Stomata function

Answer 18

Function in gas exchange (carbon dioxide and oxygen)

Question 19

What is pores in stomata surrounded by

Answer 19

Guard cells (can change shape to open or close stoma)

Question 20

Modified leaves (5)

Answer 20

1. Tendrils
2. Spines
3. Storage leaves
4. Bracts
5. Reproductive leaves

Question 21

Tendrils

Answer 21

Forms a child that brings plant closer to support

Question 22

Spines

Answer 22

A) Spines of cacti (prickly pear) are actually leaves
B) Photosynthesis is carried out mainly by fleshy green stems

Question 23

Storage leaves

Answer 23

Some plants have leaves to store water

Question 24

Bracts

Answer 24

Red parts of poinsettia are modified leaves,
Bright coloured leaves attracts pollinators

Question 25

Reproductive leaves

Answer 25

Some plants produce plantlets, which fall off the lead and take root in soil

Question 26

What is flowers composed of and surrounded by

Answer 26

composed of male and female reproductive structures surrounded by petals and sepals (perianth)

Question 27

Sepals

Answer 27

develop first in green color and leaf like structure
= Provide protection for internal structures

Question 28

Petals (inside sepals)

Answer 28

• Bright coloured leaf like structure
• Protection
• Arrangement is fixed to attract insects for pollination

Question 29

Stamens

Answer 29

Inside petals
= Consists of an anther suspended on a filament

Question 30

Anther is site of

Answer 30

Site of production of pollen grain that form male gametes

Question 31

What is Carpel composed of

Answer 31

Stigma, style, ovary

Question 32

Function of stigma

Answer 32

Receive pollen grains

Question 33

Style

Answer 33

Where pollen tubes grow

Question 34

What does ovary contain

Answer 34

Ovules which contains egg

Question 35

What happens to pollen tube in fertilization

Answer 35

Pollen tube transfer male gamete to egg in embryo sac

Question 36

3 types of kingdom plantae

Answer 36

1. Mosses (phylum Bryophyta)
2. Ferns (phylum Pterophyta)
3. Seed plants
   - Gymnosperms (Non flowering plants)
   - Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 37

Mosses (phylum Bryophyta)

Answer 37

location: damp, shady, dark area, clumps
No vascular tissue
Short
Rely on water for fertilization
Transport of nutrients and water is through diffusion

Question 38

Ferns (Phylum Pterophyta)

Answer 38

location: damp, dark area
Possess vascular tissue (xylem, phylem)
Taller than mosses
Rely on water for fertilization

Question 39

Gymnosperms (non flowering)

Answer 39

have naked seeds - not enclosed by ovaries
DO NOT PRODUCE FLOWERS

Question 40

4 phyla of Gymnosperm

Answer 40

1. Cycadophyta
2. Gingkophyta
3. Gnetophyta
4. Coniferophyta (conifers; pine)

Question 41

Cycadophyta (cycads)

Answer 41

Have large cones + palm like leaves

Question 42

Ginkgophyta (one living species)

Answer 42

High tolerance to air pollution
Leaves are used for medical purposes

Question 43

Gnetophyta

Answer 43

Some are tropical, others live in desserts

Question 44

Coniferophyta (conifers; pine)

Answer 44

Largest phylum of gymnosperms
Most conifers are evergreens

Question 45

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Answer 45

1. seed plants w/ reproductive structures (flowers and fruits)
2. Most widespread and diverse of all lands
3. All are classified in a single phylum, Anthophyta