Plant Structure& Diversity Kingdom Plantae (Ch 25) Flashcards
Root Functions (3)
Absorption of water and nutrients
Anchorage (anchor plant into substrate, into soil)
Storage of nutrients
2 types of roots
tap (root is directed vertically downward with smaller lateral roots (carrot, beat, radish))
fibrous (have many long slender roots of equal size (rice, wheat, banana))
Symbiotic relationships of plants w/ nitrogen- fixing bacteria
- bacteria provide plants with fixed nitrogen
- Plants provide sugar
Occurs b/w legume family of plants (peas, beans)
swelling on roots is called
nodules
how does nodules occur
plants cents that have been infected by nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria
2 stem functions
- Support for other plant parts (leaves, flowers are attached to it)
- Conduct water + nutrients b/w roots and other organs of plant
how does stem conduct water and nutrients
uses vascular tissue
Stems has dermal tissue and ground tissue
4 types of modified stems
- Tubers
- Bulbs
- Rhizomes
- Stolons
What is tubers and examples
Thickened stems, specializing for storing food
A) red potatoes
B) reproduction asexual
What is Bulbs
Short term w/ flashy eyes for food storage organs
What is Rhizomes
Horizontal stem that grows under surface
- edible base of ginger plant
What are Stolons
Horizontal stems that grow along surface
= enable plant to reproduce asexually
2 types of vascular tissue types
- Xylem
- Phloem
What does xylem do
conducts water and inorganic nutrients (minerals) up the stem of plant
What does phloem do
conducts water + photosynthetic products (organic) up and down the plant
3 structures of a leaf
- Lamina (blade, flat)
- Stalk (stipe)
- Node (stick attached to leaf to stem)
Leaf function
Organ where most photosynthesis occurs
- Leaves adapt to this through shape and structure
Stomata function
Function in gas exchange (carbon dioxide and oxygen)