reproductive system - worksheet Flashcards
day 1-5 - sloughing off of built-up endometrial lining in uterus from previous menstrual cycle
follicular phase
2nd phase, day 14, high surge of LH from ant. pituitary causes maturation & release of most developed ovarian follicle
ovulation phase
day 15-28 - lutenizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovaries to secrete progesterone, a small amount of relaxin, & inhibin, they also continue to secrete estrogen
luteal phase
why have death rates of cervical cancer declined more than 45% since the 1970s?
increased prevalence of routine Papanicolaou (Pap) screening
cessation of menstruation, regarded as a normal physiologic process & natural life event
menopause
average age = 51
implantation of a fertilized ovum outside uterine cavity, 95% occur in fallopian tube
ectopic pregnancy
primary vs. secondary amenorrhea
primary: by age 15, chromosomal abnormalities
secondary: cessation for 6 months if already started, weight loss, excessive exercise
downward displacement of uterus or vagina from its normal position due to weakened pelvic floor mm & supporting ligaments
uterine prolapse
Tx for menopause if symptoms are severe
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
what is premenstrual syndrome?
cluster of temporary symptoms 3 -14 days before menstruation
cause of mastitis
bacterial staphylococcus aureus, blocked milk duct
causes of miscarriage
chromosomal abnormalities (50%), drug & alcohol abuse, exposure to environmental toxins, hormonal irregularities, infection, obesity
uterine fibroids are ____ dependent, and the use of _____ lower risk of developing fibroids
hormone
oral contraceptive & pregnancy
inflammatory condition of any or all organs of the female reproductive tract
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
2 distinct rare types of breast cancer
- Paget’s disease of the nipple
- Inflammatory breast cancer
fertilized ovum implants in lower segment of uterus & developing placenta grows over internal cervical os, passage between uterus & cervix - puts mother & baby at risk as result of hemorrhage during 3rd trimester
placenta previa
clinical features of gestational diabetes
3 P’s of diabetes:
-polyuria: excessive urination
-polydipsia: excessive thirst
-polyphagia: excessive hunger
some asymptomatic, hypertension
pathogenesis of preeclampsia & eclampsia
unsure, insufficient blood flow to uterus, high BP causing damage to kidneys or liver
endometrial tissue grows outside uterus & responds to hormones causing pain & inflammation, eventually scarring
endometriosis
classic triad of symptoms for endometriosis
-painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
-painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
-infertility or difficulty conceiving
pain may also occur during urination (dysuria) or with defecation (dyschezia)
____ is the most common gynecologic cancer in women, & ____ is the 2nd most common
1: uterine/ endometrial cancer
2: ovarian cancer
causes of dysmenorrhea
endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, unknown cause
what are the 2 types of ovarian cysts?
- follicular/functional cysts: from a follicle
- corpus luteum cysts: from a ruptured follicle that eventually forms corpus luteum
most common cancer in women
breast cancer