GI, liver, gallbladder - worksheet

Question 1

____ is a periodic regurgitation of gastric contents or stomach acids upward into esophagus - often seen in conjunction with a ____

Answer 1

GERD

hiatus hernia

Question 2

abnormal muscular contraction in large intestine that does NOT cause inflammation or permanent damage or increased risk of colorectal cancer

Answer 2

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 3

2 most important risk factors for stomach cancer & colorectal cancer

Answer 3

presence of helicobacter pylori bacteria & diet

Question 4

symptoms often mild to moderate with long periods of remission, some symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramping, rectal pain or bleeding, defecation urgency, weight loss, fatigue, fever

Answer 4

ulcerative colitis

Question 5

narrowing of opening (pyloris) from stomach to small intestine (duodenum)

Answer 5

pyloric stenosis

Question 6

infrequent or difficulty passing of stools

Answer 6

constipation

Question 7

most common gallstones are made of ____ and are ____ in size

Answer 7

undissolved cholesterol

1-5mm

Question 8

clinical features of chronic & acute gastritis

Answer 8

abdominal pain & indigestion

Question 9

most frequent site of metastasis in stomach cancer

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is autoimmune & more than 80% of those with PSC have ____ also

Answer 10

ulcerative colitis

Question 11

cause of gastroenteritis

Answer 11

contaminated food & water by bacteria, viral agents

Question 12

haemochromatosis is excess ____ in the body

Answer 12

iron

Question 13

Tx for peritonitis

Answer 13

immediate antibiotics & hospitalization

surgery often required to correct cause & drain site of infection

Question 14

what is a hiatus hernia and what are the 2 types?

Answer 14

upper part of stomach protrudes through a hole or hiatus in diaphragm & into thorax

1. sliding
2. rolling or paraesophageal

Question 15

Crohn’s is inflammation affecting any part of the ____ - chronic inflammation thickens walls of GI tract, giving it a ____ appearance - normal segments are separated by disease segments, called ____

Answer 15

small/ large intestine

cobblestone

skip lesions

Question 16

what causes appendicitis?

Answer 16

bacterial infection that obstructs appendiceal lumen with stool, tumors, worms or other foreign bodies

can also be caused by abnormal narrowing or kinking of organ

Question 17

most common type of peptic ulcer

Answer 17

duodenal ulcer

Question 18

most deadly cancer

Answer 18

colorectal cancer

Question 19

hypersensitivity or an immune reaction to gluten in dietary grains in the small intestine

Answer 19

celiac disease

Question 20

bowel ischemia (ischemic colitis) is inflammation & injury of the large intestine from inadequate blood supply, usually due to ____

Answer 20

constriction of blood vessels

Question 21

3 main causes of cirrhosis

Answer 21

Chronic alcohol abuse
Viral Hepatitis B or C infection (65% of cases)
Autoimmune (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)

Question 22

in ulcerative colitis, obstructions are ____ whereas in Crohn’s disease, obstructions are ____

Answer 22

rare

common

Question 23

presense of diverticula in colon wall

Answer 23

diverticulosis

Question 24

metabolic disorder that damages muscle tissue & nerve cells caused by accumulation of glycogen

Answer 24

glycogen storage disease (type 2) or Pompe disease

Question 25

which pathology is the mortality rate up to 50% if there isn’t immediate surgery?

Answer 25

intestinal obstruction

Question 26

most prevalent liver disease in the world

Answer 26

viral hepatitis

Question 27

symptoms often occur after a meal, severe pain in centre & upper R quadrant, may spread or refer to SH or BK, tenderness over abdomen, nausea, vomiting & fever

Answer 27

cholecystitis

Question 28

copper accumulates in tissues & organs (liver & brain) due to a genetic mutation

Answer 28

Wilson’s disease

Question 29

which type of cancer is mostly caused by metastatic cancer elsewhere in the body?

Answer 29

liver cancer

Question 30

slow progressive destruction of small bile ducts of the liver

Answer 30

primary biliary cirrhosis