GI, liver, gallbladder - worksheet Flashcards
____ is a periodic regurgitation of gastric contents or stomach acids upward into esophagus - often seen in conjunction with a ____
GERD
hiatus hernia
abnormal muscular contraction in large intestine that does NOT cause inflammation or permanent damage or increased risk of colorectal cancer
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
2 most important risk factors for stomach cancer & colorectal cancer
presence of helicobacter pylori bacteria & diet
symptoms often mild to moderate with long periods of remission, some symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramping, rectal pain or bleeding, defecation urgency, weight loss, fatigue, fever
ulcerative colitis
narrowing of opening (pyloris) from stomach to small intestine (duodenum)
pyloric stenosis
infrequent or difficulty passing of stools
constipation
most common gallstones are made of ____ and are ____ in size
undissolved cholesterol
1-5mm
clinical features of chronic & acute gastritis
abdominal pain & indigestion
most frequent site of metastasis in stomach cancer
liver
primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is autoimmune & more than 80% of those with PSC have ____ also
ulcerative colitis
cause of gastroenteritis
contaminated food & water by bacteria, viral agents
haemochromatosis is excess ____ in the body
iron
Tx for peritonitis
immediate antibiotics & hospitalization
surgery often required to correct cause & drain site of infection
what is a hiatus hernia and what are the 2 types?
upper part of stomach protrudes through a hole or hiatus in diaphragm & into thorax
- sliding
- rolling or paraesophageal
Crohn’s is inflammation affecting any part of the ____ - chronic inflammation thickens walls of GI tract, giving it a ____ appearance - normal segments are separated by disease segments, called ____
small/ large intestine
cobblestone
skip lesions
what causes appendicitis?
bacterial infection that obstructs appendiceal lumen with stool, tumors, worms or other foreign bodies
can also be caused by abnormal narrowing or kinking of organ
most common type of peptic ulcer
duodenal ulcer
most deadly cancer
colorectal cancer
hypersensitivity or an immune reaction to gluten in dietary grains in the small intestine
celiac disease
bowel ischemia (ischemic colitis) is inflammation & injury of the large intestine from inadequate blood supply, usually due to ____
constriction of blood vessels
3 main causes of cirrhosis
Chronic alcohol abuse
Viral Hepatitis B or C infection (65% of cases)
Autoimmune (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)
in ulcerative colitis, obstructions are ____ whereas in Crohn’s disease, obstructions are ____
rare
common
presense of diverticula in colon wall
diverticulosis
metabolic disorder that damages muscle tissue & nerve cells caused by accumulation of glycogen
glycogen storage disease (type 2) or Pompe disease
which pathology is the mortality rate up to 50% if there isn’t immediate surgery?
gastric volvulus & strangulation (intestinal obstruction)
most prevalent liver disease in the world
viral hepatitis
symptoms often occur after a meal, severe pain in centre & upper R quadrant, may spread or refer to SH or BK, tenderness over abdomen, nausea, vomiting & fever
cholecystitis
copper accumulates in tissues & organs (liver & brain) due to a genetic mutation
Wilson’s disease
which type of cancer is mostly caused by metastatic cancer elsewhere in the body?
liver cancer
slow progressive destruction of small bile ducts of the liver
primary biliary cirrhosis
