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Anatomy and Physology II: Lecture > Reproductive system- Males > Flashcards

Reproductive system- Males Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male gonad

A

testes

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2
Q

testes

A

-produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone

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3
Q

gonadotropic hormones

A

-produced in the anterior pituitary gland and targets the gonads
-LH (Luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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4
Q

sex hormones

A

-produced in the testes
-testosterone

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5
Q

Structures in the male reproductive system

A
  1. testes
  2. ducts that store and transport sperm (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct)
  3. accessory glands (contribute secretions to semen)
  4. supporting structures (scrotum, spermatic cords, penis, and erectile tissues)
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6
Q

scrotum

A

-sac of loose fitting skin and superficial fascia
-contains an extension of the abdominopelvic cavity (tunica vaginalis)
-internally divided into 2 compartments that contain the testes
-temperature is 3 C lower than basal body temperature

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7
Q

cremaster muscle

A

-a band of muscles which contract and relax to elevate and depress the testes

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8
Q

dartos muscle

A

-responsible for wrinkling the scrotal skin

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9
Q

testes description

A

-paired endocrine glands (1 x 1.5 inches each)
-size and shape of a plumb
-originate in the abdominopelvic cavity during development
-descent into scrotum during the 7th month of pregnancy
-contains lobules that have 1-4 coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

tunica albuginea in males

A

-it invaginates to divide the testes into 250 compartments called lobules

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11
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

-are the site of spermatogenesis
-contain sperm forming cells (spermatogogenic cells)
-move the newly formed sperm to the rete testis

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12
Q

What initiates spermatogenesis

A

-initiated by the hormone FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
-is produced in the anterior pituitary gland
-results in spermatozoa through the process of meiosis

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13
Q

rete testis

A

-a tubular network within the posterior testis

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14
Q

leydig cells

A

-also called interstitial endocrine cells
-located between the seminiferous tubules
-they produce testosterone and inhibin

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis process

A

-the process of producing viable spermatozoa
1. spermatogonia
2. primary spermatocyte
3. secondary spermatocyte
4. spermatids
5. spermatozoa

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16
Q

How does sperm leave the testes

A

-elongated and haploid (1n)

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17
Q

Sertoli cells (sustentocytes cells)

A

nurse cells that support and nourish

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18
Q

head of a mature sperm

A

-contains flattened nucleus

19
Q

acrosome of a mature sperm

A

produces hyaluronidase which helps penetrate the egg
-unique membranous organelle located over the anterior part of the sperm nucleus

20
Q

midpiece of a mature sperm

A

contains mitochondria

21
Q

tail (flagellum) of a mature sperm

A

-propels the sperm

22
Q

How much sperm is produced daily

A

-several million and only survive 24-48 hours in the female environment since it is so acidic

23
Q

Role of testosterone

A
  1. plays a role in maturation
  2. responsible for 2nd sexual characteristics/traits
  3. helps maintain accessory reproductive organs
  4. stimulates bone growth and protein formation
  5. major role in a male’s libido
24
Q

role of inhibin in men

A

-inhibits the secretion of LH hormone in a male to control testosterone production

25
Q

Sperm reaches the epididymis after traveling through which ducts

A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. straight tubule
  3. rete testes –> epididymis
26
Q

epididymis

A

-a comma shaped organ that surrounds the testes, highly coiled structure. Has a head, body, and tail section uncoiled close to 20 feet

27
Q

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

A
  • 18 inches long
    -part of the spermatic cord
    -starts at the epididymis , loops over to the urinary bladder and descends along the posterior wall of the bladder wall line with smooth muscle to permit peristalsis
28
Q

vasectomy

A

-surgical procedure where a small incision made into the scrotum to ligate (cut) the ductis deferens
-this procedure provides 100% effective birth control

29
Q

spermatic chord composed of ?

A
  1. vas deferens
  2. testicular artery and veins
  3. cremaster muscle
  4. lymphatic vessels
  5. autonomic nerves
    -the vas deferens and seminalvesicle duct unite to form the short ejaculatory duct which empties into the prostatic urethra
30
Q

urethra

A

-part of the male’s urinary and reproductive system
-composed of three regions (prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra (penile urethra)

31
Q

prostatic urethra

A

surrounded by prostate

32
Q

membranous urethra

A

-passes through the urogenital diaphragm

33
Q

spongy urethra (penile urethra)

A

-passes through the penis

34
Q

accessory sex glands

A

secrete liquid portion of semen

35
Q

seminal vesicles

A

-paired glands lie on posterior surface of bladder, produce rich fluid in fructose

36
Q

Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands)

A

-below prostate, paired glands size of a pea. Secretes thick clear mucus, helps neutralize acidic urine traces in the urethra

37
Q

prostate gland

A

-below the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra.
-Size of a peach pit secretes a milky slightly acidic fluid.
-Activates sperm motility and contains PSA (blood test for prostate cancer). High levels of PSA indicate further testing required
-most common site for cancer in the male reproductive system

38
Q

semen

A

-seminal fluid
-sperm and the secretions from 5 glands
-this liquid provides a transport medium for sperm to swim in
-also provides nutrients and chemicals that protect and activate the sperm

39
Q

penis

A

-three sections attached, bulb, body (shaft), and the glans penis
-the penis and scrotum composed the male’s external genitalia
-during an erection the vascular spaces in this penis fill with blood, which causes the 2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum to become enlarged and the penis erect

40
Q

glans penis

A

enlarged distal end shaped like an mushroom

41
Q

prepuce

A

loose fitting foreskin that covers the glans penis

42
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

-paired cylinder shaped structures that contain blood sinuses (erectile tissue)

43
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

-one cylindrical shaped structure that surrounds the spongy urethra (erectile tissue)

44
Q

circumcision

A

-surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed

Anatomy and Physology II: Lecture (10 decks)

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