Reproductive System: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the purposes of reproduction?

Answer 1

genetic information passed on
diversity
continuation of species

Question 2

What is structure around testis that holds sperm while they mature?

Answer 2

Epididymis

Question 3

What does the sperm travel through to go towards the glands?

Answer 3

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 4

What are the different glands/vesicles and how many of each? Where are they located?

Answer 4

seminal vesicles (2) - under and on each side of the bladder
prostate gland (1) - under the bladder and seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands (2) - under the prostate gland

Question 5

Why are the testes located externally?

Answer 5

temperature regulation

Question 6

What are the four methods of temperature regulation used by the testes?

Answer 6

being located externally
cremaster muscles
dartos muscles
counter-current heat exchange

Question 7

What do the cremaster muscles do? What kind of muscle are they?

Answer 7

skeletal

cold: contract to lift testes
hot: relax to drop testes

Question 8

What do the dartos muscles do? What kind of muscle are they?

Answer 8

smooth

cold: contracts to wrinkle scrotal skin
hot: relaxes to smooth scrotal skin

Question 9

How does counter-current heat exchange work?

Answer 9

testicular veins wrap around testicular artery and an exchange of heat occurs

Question 10

How many lobules in a testis what cells do they contain? (2 inside cells, 1 outside cell)

Answer 10

200-300
spermatogenic cells (in seminiferous tubule)
supporting cells (Sertoli cells)
outside: Leydig cells

Question 11

What do Leydig cells do?

Answer 11

produce testosterone

Question 12

What are the sperm stages of spermatogenesis? (5) What are the processes which join them?

Answer 12

spermatogonium (mitosis to....)
primary spermatocyte (meiosis I to....)
secondary spermatocyte (meiosis II to....)
spermatids (spermiogenesis to....)
spermatozoon

Question 13

When does spermatogenesis begin and end?

Answer 13

begins at puberty (testosterone)

ends at death

Question 14

What are the functions of Sertoli cells? (4)

Answer 14

control release and movement of sperm cells
nourish sperm cells
blood-testis barrier (protects sperm from immune response)
secrete inhibin to slow sperm production

Question 15

What happens to a sperm cell during spermiogenesis? (4)

Answer 15

acrosome (develops around sperm head to release enzymes to break down coats around egg for sperm to enter)

tail

condensation of nucleus

shedding of excess cytoplasm

Question 16

What does the epididymis do?

Answer 16

site of sperm maturation
10 to 14 days
motility develops

Question 17

What does the Ductus (vas) deferens do?

Answer 17

stores sperm
propels sperm to urethra at ejaculation
(vasectomy)

Question 18

What do the seminal vesicles secrete? Where are they located?

Answer 18

paired, base of bladder
60% semen volume

secrete:
alkaline fluid (vaginal environment is acidic)
fructose (energy)
prostaglandins (prevent damage)
fibrinogen (clotting factor)

Question 19

Where is the prostate gland located and what does it secrete?

Answer 19

inferior to bladder
25% semen volume

secrete:
citric acid
fibrinolysin (breaks down clot)

Question 20

Where are the bulbourethral glands located and what do they secrete?

Answer 20

paired, base of penis

secrete:
alkaline mucus (prior to ejaculation)

Question 21

What percentage of semen is sperm and seminal fluid?

Answer 21

10% sperm

90% seminal fluid