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Human Biology IA > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system do? (3)

A

homeostasis
sense and respond to environment
survive

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2
Q

Three functions of the nervous system

A

SIM
sensory (collect info, afferent)
integrative (process, interpret, respond)
motor (instruct, efferent)

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3
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of? What is it lined by and what is it bathed in?

A 
brain (in skull)
spinal cord (in vertebrae)

lined by meninges
bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

all other nerves except CNS

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5
Q

What is a nerve?

A

bundle of axons in connective tissue
cell processes
connectors
cranial and spinal

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6
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

group of nerve cell bodies (ganglia)

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7
Q

What does a nerve ending do?

A

innervate tissues and organs

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8
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic (controls external actions of skin and muscles, involuntary and voluntary)

autonomic (controls internal activities of organs and glands, smooth muscles, involuntary)

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9
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic (arousing)

parasympathetic (calming)

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10
Q

What is the sympathetic system known to do? What changes does it cause?

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

increase: mental alertness, metabolic rate, activation of energy reserves, respiratory rate, HR, BP, activation of sweat glands
decrease: digestive and urinary function

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11
Q

What is the parasympathetic system known to do? What changes does it cause?
(4 letter acronym)

A

REST AND DIGEST

increase: secretion, defecation, conservation of energy
decrease: metabolic rate, HR, BP

Salivation
Lacrimation (crying)
Urination
Defecation

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12
Q

Can neurons reproduce?

A

no

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13
Q

What do glial cells do? (3)

A

support, nourish, protect
can reproduce
can NOT send electrical signals

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14
Q

Glial cells: astrocytes (where and what)? (7)

A 
CNS
astro (star-shaped)
structure
blood-brain barrier
regulate concentrations of ions, nutrients, gases in interstitial fluid around neurons
absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
Glial scars after CNS injury
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15
Q

Glial cells: microglia (where and what)? (5)

A 
defence
'macrophages' of CNS
scavengers
involved in inflammation
multiple extending processes
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16
Q

Glial cells: ependymal cells (where and what)? (5)

A 
epithelial-like
CNS
form ependyma
line ventricles of CNS
produce CSF and circulate it through passageways
17
Q

Glial cells: oligodendrocytes (where and what)? (5)

A 
CNS
produce myelin
insulates
wraps processes around neural axons
cannot regenerate
18
Q

Neuron structure: what do dendrites do?

A

receive information, sensors

19
Q

Neuron structure: what does cell body do?

A

house nucleus and organelles (lots of mitochondria)

metabolic brain of cell

20
Q

Neuron structure: what is an axon?

A

highway for electrical signaling, one axon per neuron, 2 way road

21
Q

Neuron structure: what is the axon terminal?

A

site of synapse, communication point

22
Q

Neuron structure: what is myelin sheath?

A

insulating coat

23
Q

Neuron structure: what are nodes of Ranvier?

A

gaps in myelin

24
Q

Three properties of a neuron

A

excitable (respond to environment changes)
conductive (send electrical signals)
secretory ( secrete neurotransmitters in order to communicate)

25
Q

Three functional classification of a neuron

A

sensory (afferent) neurons: receive input, PNS to CNS

interneurons: store and process, in CNS

motor (efferent) neurons: send signal from CNS to organs to respond

26
Q

Three structural classifications of neurons

A

LOOK HOW MANY BRANCHES ARE LEAVING THE CELL BODY

unipolar: single process, sensory
bipolar: two processes, sensory and interneurons
multipolar: multiple processes, sensory, interneurons and motor

27
Q

What is myelin produced by in CNS and PNS?

A 
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)
28
Q

Glial cells: satellite cells (where and what)? (5)

A 
PNS
astrocyte-like
cover nerve cell bodies
support and protect nerves
control extracellular environment

Human Biology IA (22 decks)

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