Connective

Question 1

Features of connective tissue (3)

Answer 1

connects and binds
support and shape
facilitates communication

Question 2

Functions of connective tissue (5)

Answer 2

mechanical support and protection
storage
defense
repair
communication and transport

Question 3

Structure of connective tissue (3)

Answer 3

cells
fibres
ECM

Question 4

Classification (constituents)

Answer 4

fibres < cells = loose

fibres > cells = dense

Question 5

Classification (arrangement)

Answer 5

parallel = regular
non-parallel = irregular

Question 6

Function of dense regular

Answer 6

binds bones together and attaches muscle to bone

eg. tendons and ligaments

Question 7

Functions of dense irregular

Answer 7

protect organs from injury, tough

eg. dermis of skin, capsules around organs

Question 8

Functions of loose (4)

Answer 8

cushions and nourishes epithelia
arena for immune defense
binds organs
allows passage for nerves and blood vessels
eg. underlines all epithelia, outer coverings of blood vessels

Question 9

Types of loose connective tissue (3) and their function and location

Answer 9

1. areolar tissue (strength, elasticity, surrounds vasculature and nerves)
2. adipose tissue (energy, insulate, protect, surrounds organs and under skin)
3. reticular tissue (support and binding of organs, liver, kidney, ….)

Question 10

Extracellular matrix (function, composition, location)

Answer 10

support surrounding cells
regulate communication and transport

clear, colourless, glycans, protein, water molecules

secreted by CT cells

viscosity: restricts penetration by bacteria
oedema (swelling): abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 11

Three types of fibres

Answer 11

collagen
elastin
reticular

Question 12

Collagen (function, location)

Answer 12

strength and cushioning
function depends on amount and arrangement

cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament

Question 13

Elastin (function, location)

Answer 13

coil and recoil, flexibility

skin, arteries, bronchi

Question 14

Reticular (function, location)

Answer 14

form delicate, irregular, flexible framework, inelastic, support cellular structures

spleen, liver, marrow

Question 15

Cells for structure and storage (2)

Answer 15

fibroblasts, adipocytes

Question 16

Cells for defense (4)

Answer 16

macrophages
plasma cells
mast cells
leukocytes (from blood)

Question 17

Cells for reserve (1)

Answer 17

stem cells

Question 18

Fibroblasts (function, appearance)

Answer 18

produce all fibres and ECM in CT, repair (by producing collagen, scar tissue)

long cytoplasmic processes in protein producing and secreting cells

fibrocytes: mature, less active

Question 19

Adipocytes (function, 4)

Answer 19

store fat (energy), insulate, protect, shock absorb

white and brown fat

Question 20

Macrophages (function, location)

Answer 20

phagocytosis cell debris

lungs: “dust cells”
spleen: “RBC scavengers”

Question 21

Plasma cells (function)

Answer 21

defense
produce antibodies
specific antibody for antigen

Question 22

Mast cells (function)

Answer 22

store chemical mediators of inflammatory response (eg. allergic reactions)

Question 23

Leukocytes (function, location, 3 types and function)

Answer 23

defense

circulate in blood

lymphocytes: immune reactions, neutrophils: inflammation caused by bacteria, eosinophils: parasitic infection and allergic reactions