Reproductive System: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What type of glands are ovaries and where are they located?
endocrine and exocrine
located internally in upper pelvis
What are the three parts of the ovary from outer to inner and what do they contain?
CT capsule
cortex (ooctyes +supporting cells = follicles)
medulla (blood vessels and nerves)
When does oogenesis start and stop?
before birth until menopause
When does mitosis stop during oogenesis and what does it create?
3rd month embryogenesis
2 oogonium
When does meiosis I occur and what are the ‘reactants’ and ‘products’?
puberty (FSH)
primary oocyte becomes a secondary oocyte and a polar body which will die within a day or so
When does meiosis II occur and what does it produce?
until fertilization
will produce zygote when sperm enters egg
How many gametes in oogenesis?
1
For how long and how often does a release occur? (oogenesis?
birth til menopause
monthly
What is a primordial follicle?
baby follicle
What is a oocyte surrounded by in a follicle?
many follicular cells
What is folliculogenesis?
development of the follicle
BEFORE ovulation, what hormone do follicular cells produce?
oestrogen
What happens at ovulation?
release of secondary oocyte from follicle into oviduct
What is the corpus luteum? And what hormones does it now make?
what is left when oocyte leaves
makes oestrogen and progesterone
What is the corpus albicans?
degenerated corpus luteum
What do the uterine tubes contain? (3)
cilia in oviduct to move egg towards uterus
smooth muscle for peristalsis
secretory cells releasing glucose for energy
What are the three parts of the oviduct from ovary to uterus?
infundibulum (open, funnel-like, fimbriae (fingers that collect ovulated oocyte))
ampulla (central, fertilization site)
isthmus (narrowest region, sperm maturation)
What is the uterus the site of? (2)
menstruation
foetus development
What is the fundus?
top of uterus
What is the uterus body?
inside and middle of uterus
What is the cervix?
bottom of uterus
What is myometrium?
3 layers of smooth muscle surrounding body
What is the endometrium?
simple columnar, located inner lining of body, endometrial glands, spiral blood vessels, 2 layers (stratum functionalis on surface and stratum basali underneath)
Which layer of endometrium changes during cycle and what are the three phases?
stratum functionalis
proliferative, secretory, menstrual
What is the vagina a passage for? What type of tissue is it? What do the glands produce?
birth and menstruation
stratified squamous epithelium
glycogen
Where do changes occur during the reproductive cycle and how long does it take? What is it controlled by?
ovaries and uterus
28 days
hormones
What are the 7 steps of the reproductive cycle?
- GnRH synthesized by hypothalamus
- GnRH stimulates FSH and LH release from anterior pituitary
- FSH stimulates follicles, which secrete oestrogen
- oestrogen thickens stratum functionalis
- LH surge triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
- corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone, which prepares uterus for implantation of a fertilised oocyte
- if no implantation, corpus luteum degenerates, which triggers menstruation
What hormones does the contraceptive pill contain? How many active pills and how many inactive pills? What does it suppress?
oestrogen and progestin
21 hormone pills and 7 placebo pills
suppress GnRH (maintain secretory phase)
