Reproductive System: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What type of glands are ovaries and where are they located?

Answer 1

endocrine and exocrine

located internally in upper pelvis

Question 2

What are the three parts of the ovary from outer to inner and what do they contain?

Answer 2

CT capsule
cortex (ooctyes +supporting cells = follicles)
medulla (blood vessels and nerves)

Question 3

When does oogenesis start and stop?

Answer 3

before birth until menopause

Question 4

When does mitosis stop during oogenesis and what does it create?

Answer 4

3rd month embryogenesis

2 oogonium

Question 5

When does meiosis I occur and what are the ‘reactants’ and ‘products’?

Answer 5

puberty (FSH)

primary oocyte becomes a secondary oocyte and a polar body which will die within a day or so

Question 6

When does meiosis II occur and what does it produce?

Answer 6

until fertilization

will produce zygote when sperm enters egg

Question 7

How many gametes in oogenesis?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

For how long and how often does a release occur? (oogenesis?

Answer 8

birth til menopause

monthly

Question 9

What is a primordial follicle?

Answer 9

baby follicle

Question 10

What is a oocyte surrounded by in a follicle?

Answer 10

many follicular cells

Question 11

What is folliculogenesis?

Answer 11

development of the follicle

Question 12

BEFORE ovulation, what hormone do follicular cells produce?

Answer 12

oestrogen

Question 13

What happens at ovulation?

Answer 13

release of secondary oocyte from follicle into oviduct

Question 14

What is the corpus luteum? And what hormones does it now make?

Answer 14

what is left when oocyte leaves

makes oestrogen and progesterone

Question 15

What is the corpus albicans?

Answer 15

degenerated corpus luteum

Question 16

What do the uterine tubes contain? (3)

Answer 16

cilia in oviduct to move egg towards uterus
smooth muscle for peristalsis
secretory cells releasing glucose for energy

Question 17

What are the three parts of the oviduct from ovary to uterus?

Answer 17

infundibulum (open, funnel-like, fimbriae (fingers that collect ovulated oocyte))

ampulla (central, fertilization site)

isthmus (narrowest region, sperm maturation)

Question 18

What is the uterus the site of? (2)

Answer 18

menstruation

foetus development

Question 19

What is the fundus?

Answer 19

top of uterus

Question 20

What is the uterus body?

Answer 20

inside and middle of uterus

Question 21

What is the cervix?

Answer 21

bottom of uterus

Question 22

What is myometrium?

Answer 22

3 layers of smooth muscle surrounding body

Question 23

What is the endometrium?

Answer 23

simple columnar, located inner lining of body, endometrial glands, spiral blood vessels, 2 layers (stratum functionalis on surface and stratum basali underneath)

Question 24

Which layer of endometrium changes during cycle and what are the three phases?

Answer 24

stratum functionalis

proliferative, secretory, menstrual

Question 25

What is the vagina a passage for? What type of tissue is it? What do the glands produce?

Answer 25

birth and menstruation
stratified squamous epithelium
glycogen

Question 26

Where do changes occur during the reproductive cycle and how long does it take? What is it controlled by?

Answer 26

ovaries and uterus
28 days
hormones

Question 27

What are the 7 steps of the reproductive cycle?

Answer 27

1. GnRH synthesized by hypothalamus
2. GnRH stimulates FSH and LH release from anterior pituitary
3. FSH stimulates follicles, which secrete oestrogen
4. oestrogen thickens stratum functionalis
5. LH surge triggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
6. corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone, which prepares uterus for implantation of a fertilised oocyte
7. if no implantation, corpus luteum degenerates, which triggers menstruation

Question 28

What hormones does the contraceptive pill contain? How many active pills and how many inactive pills? What does it suppress?

Answer 28

oestrogen and progestin
21 hormone pills and 7 placebo pills
suppress GnRH (maintain secretory phase)