Reproductive System- Female Flashcards
blood supply to gonads goes from the ??? –> to ???
abdominal aorta to gonadal arteries
Venous drainage from gonadal veins –> ???, however left gondal vein drains into left ??? vein then, IVC
inferior vena cava
renal vein
uterine wall consists of three layers:
- endometrium (innermost)
- myometirum
- ??? (covers only top surface of uterus)
perimetrium
Urogenital diaphragm supports ??? organs and forms abdomen floor
pelvic
which of the three organs that make up the Vulva is erectile tissue containing corpora cavernosa?
clitoris
bulbs of the vestibule are the part of the clitoris that helps squeeze shut the ??? during intercourse (so no urine gets in)
urethral opening
The greater vestibular glands produce ??? which helps lubricates & moistens the vulva & vagina
mucus
mammary glands are modified ???
sweat glands
milk leaves breast via the ??? ducts
(THINK Lactose)
from under the pigmented areola then through the nipple
lactiferous
is the erection phase in a
male and female mediated by the same autonomic nerve pathways or somatic nerve pathways?
autonomic
Oogenesis is the sequence of events that leads to the formation of ???
an ova
Before birth:
1. Oogonia (stem cells)
multiply rapidly by ??? to create around ~7 million ??? (immature ovum) by
mid-fetal life
mitosis,
primary oocytes
TRUE or FALSE: The single celled oocyte is surrounded by protective
follicle cells, and together this is known as a follicle
TRUE
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ??? to develop
primordial follicles
One primary oocyte formed from the development of primordial follicles is stimulated by a surge of ???
Luteinising hormone (LH)
a primary oocyte becomes a secondary
oocyte and is ovulated when it sheds half its ???
chromosomes
what part of the ovarian cycle is when some follicles mature, a dominant follicle is selected & starts secreting large amounts of estrogens, and its primary oocyte continues meiosis
Follicular phase
what part of the ovarian cycle is when the oocyte within the dominant follicle is released from the ovary, (oocyte now a secondary (haploid) oocyte ready to be fertilized)
Day 14
which part of the ovarian cycle is when the dominant follicle remnant becomes the corpus luteum. If
pregnancy does not occur it breaks down (luteolysis) which takes 14 days
luteal phase
TRUE or FALSE: an ovary has many follicles in different stages of development at all times
TRUE
the follicle is referred to as a secondary follicle once the cells surrounding the ??? multiply enough to ???
Once the cells surrounding the oocyte
multiply enough to stratify
granulosa cells, which help to produce
estrogen, are the surrounding cells of a ??? oocyte
secondary oocyte
Granulosa cells have a number of
important features such as ??? of
bi-directional communication between
the ??? and it’s surrounds
facilitation of bi-directional communication between the oocyte and its surroundings
A secondary follicle turns into a ??? follicle once a fluid filled antrum is created.
vesicular follicle
zona pellucida refers to the thick,
transparent, glycoprotein rich
extra-cellular membrane of an ???
oocyte
only one dominant vesicular follicle
continues growing during the follicular phase when ??? levels start to drop
FSH
TRUE or FALSE: A surge of LH in the
middle of the cycle stimulates formation
of the haploid secondary oocyte, ready for fertilisation
TRUE
On day 14 there is a LH surge,
the dominant ??? pushes against the external ovary wall & expels its oocyte into the ???
vesicular follicle
peritoneal cavity
corona radiata refers to specialised granulosa cells covering the ??? during day 14 phase
secondary oocyte
corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase due to
The remaining granulosa & theca cells in secondary vesicular follicle enlarge
Corpus albicans refers to a dead
corpus luteum
in females the HPG (hypothalamic, pituitary, gonadal) axis impacts both the ??? and ???
ovarian cycle & the uterine cycle
the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates ???
follicle growth
LH release by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates ??? by the granulosa and theca cells
estrogen production
by the granulosa & theca cells
Estrogen & inhibin both inhibit GnRH,
FSH & LH release which causes a ??? feedback loop, causing the growth of only one ??? follicle
negative feedback loop
dominant follicle
the dominant follicle that is produced from negative feedback (due to hormones) releases large amounts of ??? which causes a ??? feedback loop
estrogen
positive feedback loop
The positive feedback loop from large amounts of estrogen (from dominant follicle) causes a surge of ??? to be released, stimulating ??? as well as the formation of the corpus luteum which starts producing
progesterone (pro-gestation hormone)
luteinising hormone (LH)
ovulation
Gestation refers to the period from the mother’s last ??? until birth
menstrual period
A conceptus is the umbrella term for a developing new human – from a single celled zygote right up until birth and includes the terms/stages such as ??? and ???
embryo,
fetus
in which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium of the uterus become thick, nutrient rich and very vascular
secretory phase
in which phase of the uterine cycle are Gonadal hormone levels are low as the corpus luteum degenerates (progesterone) and there is no new dominant follicle yet (estrogen)
menstrual phase
in which phase of the uterine cycle is the endometrium re-built as estrogen
is produced in increasing quantities
by the dominant ovarian follicle?
proliferative phase
during the ??? phase of uterin cycle, rising estrogen levels thins the cervical mucus, allowing channels for sperm to
move through and activates fimbriae in the uterine tubes, ready to scoop
up the ovulated oocyte
proliferative phase
in which phase of the uterine cycle does Progesterone from the corpus luteum Plugs the cervix to ensure Privacy (no more sperm can get in)
secretory phase
progesterone promotes the ??? period
gestation
progesterone promotes the thickening of the ???
cervical mucus
which female hormone has its highest levels in the secretory phase of
uterine cycle – allowing implantation of
embryo into thick, nutrient dense
endometrium
progesterone
progesterone is produced by the ???
corpus luteum
which female hormone aids the:
- Growth, fusion of epiphyseal plates
- Maturation of the reproductive tract
- Secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
estrogen is produced by ??? as well as the corpus luteum
follicles
estrogen promotes calcium ??? and maintains low ???
calcium uptake,
low cholesterol
