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Anatomy 2 > Reproductive System- Female > Flashcards

Reproductive System- Female Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply to gonads goes from the ??? –> to ???

A

abdominal aorta to gonadal arteries

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2
Q

Venous drainage from gonadal veins –> ???, however left gondal vein drains into left ??? vein then, IVC

A

inferior vena cava
renal vein

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3
Q

uterine wall consists of three layers:
- endometrium (innermost)
- myometirum
- ??? (covers only top surface of uterus)

A

perimetrium

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4
Q

Urogenital diaphragm supports ??? organs and forms abdomen floor

A

pelvic

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5
Q

which of the three organs that make up the Vulva is erectile tissue containing corpora cavernosa?

A

clitoris

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6
Q

bulbs of the vestibule are the part of the clitoris that helps squeeze shut the ??? during intercourse (so no urine gets in)

A

urethral opening

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7
Q

The greater vestibular glands produce ??? which helps lubricates & moistens the vulva & vagina

A

mucus

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8
Q

mammary glands are modified ???

A

sweat glands

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9
Q

milk leaves breast via the ??? ducts
(THINK Lactose)
from under the pigmented areola then through the nipple

A

lactiferous

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10
Q

is the erection phase in a
male and female mediated by the same autonomic nerve pathways or somatic nerve pathways?

A

autonomic

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11
Q

Oogenesis is the sequence of events that leads to the formation of ???

A

an ova

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12
Q

Before birth:
1. Oogonia (stem cells)
multiply rapidly by ??? to create around ~7 million ??? (immature ovum) by
mid-fetal life

A

mitosis,
primary oocytes

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The single celled oocyte is surrounded by protective
follicle cells, and together this is known as a follicle

A

TRUE

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14
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ??? to develop

A

primordial follicles

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15
Q

One primary oocyte formed from the development of primordial follicles is stimulated by a surge of ???

A

Luteinising hormone (LH)

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16
Q

a primary oocyte becomes a secondary
oocyte and is ovulated when it sheds half its ???

A

chromosomes

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17
Q

what part of the ovarian cycle is when some follicles mature, a dominant follicle is selected & starts secreting large amounts of estrogens, and its primary oocyte continues meiosis

A

Follicular phase

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18
Q

what part of the ovarian cycle is when the oocyte within the dominant follicle is released from the ovary, (oocyte now a secondary (haploid) oocyte ready to be fertilized)

A

Day 14

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19
Q

which part of the ovarian cycle is when the dominant follicle remnant becomes the corpus luteum. If
pregnancy does not occur it breaks down (luteolysis) which takes 14 days

A

luteal phase

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20
Q

TRUE or FALSE: an ovary has many follicles in different stages of development at all times

A

TRUE

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21
Q

the follicle is referred to as a secondary follicle once the cells surrounding the ??? multiply enough to ???

A

Once the cells surrounding the oocyte
multiply enough to stratify

22
Q

granulosa cells, which help to produce
estrogen, are the surrounding cells of a ??? oocyte

A

secondary oocyte

23
Q

Granulosa cells have a number of
important features such as ??? of
bi-directional communication between
the ??? and it’s surrounds

A

facilitation of bi-directional communication between the oocyte and its surroundings

24
Q

A secondary follicle turns into a ??? follicle once a fluid filled antrum is created.

A

vesicular follicle

25
Q

zona pellucida refers to the thick,
transparent, glycoprotein rich
extra-cellular membrane of an ???

A

oocyte

26
Q

only one dominant vesicular follicle
continues growing during the follicular phase when ??? levels start to drop

A

FSH

27
Q

TRUE or FALSE: A surge of LH in the
middle of the cycle stimulates formation
of the haploid secondary oocyte, ready for fertilisation

A

TRUE

28
Q

On day 14 there is a LH surge,
the dominant ??? pushes against the external ovary wall & expels its oocyte into the ???

A

vesicular follicle
peritoneal cavity

29
Q

corona radiata refers to specialised granulosa cells covering the ??? during day 14 phase

A

secondary oocyte

30
Q

corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase due to

A

The remaining granulosa & theca cells in secondary vesicular follicle enlarge

31
Q

Corpus albicans refers to a dead

A

corpus luteum

32
Q

in females the HPG (hypothalamic, pituitary, gonadal) axis impacts both the ??? and ???

A

ovarian cycle & the uterine cycle

33
Q

the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates ???

A

follicle growth

34
Q

LH release by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates ??? by the granulosa and theca cells

A

estrogen production
by the granulosa & theca cells

35
Q

Estrogen & inhibin both inhibit GnRH,
FSH & LH release which causes a ??? feedback loop, causing the growth of only one ??? follicle

A

negative feedback loop
dominant follicle

36
Q

the dominant follicle that is produced from negative feedback (due to hormones) releases large amounts of ??? which causes a ??? feedback loop

A

estrogen
positive feedback loop

37
Q

The positive feedback loop from large amounts of estrogen (from dominant follicle) causes a surge of ??? to be released, stimulating ??? as well as the formation of the corpus luteum which starts producing
progesterone (pro-gestation hormone)

A

luteinising hormone (LH)
ovulation

38
Q

Gestation refers to the period from the mother’s last ??? until birth

A

menstrual period

39
Q

A conceptus is the umbrella term for a developing new human – from a single celled zygote right up until birth and includes the terms/stages such as ??? and ???

A

embryo,
fetus

40
Q

in which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium of the uterus become thick, nutrient rich and very vascular

A

secretory phase

41
Q

in which phase of the uterine cycle are Gonadal hormone levels are low as the corpus luteum degenerates (progesterone) and there is no new dominant follicle yet (estrogen)

A

menstrual phase

42
Q

in which phase of the uterine cycle is the endometrium re-built as estrogen
is produced in increasing quantities
by the dominant ovarian follicle?

A

proliferative phase

43
Q

during the ??? phase of uterin cycle, rising estrogen levels thins the cervical mucus, allowing channels for sperm to
move through and activates fimbriae in the uterine tubes, ready to scoop
up the ovulated oocyte

A

proliferative phase

44
Q

in which phase of the uterine cycle does Progesterone from the corpus luteum Plugs the cervix to ensure Privacy (no more sperm can get in)

A

secretory phase

45
Q

progesterone promotes the ??? period

A

gestation

46
Q

progesterone promotes the thickening of the ???

A

cervical mucus

47
Q

which female hormone has its highest levels in the secretory phase of
uterine cycle – allowing implantation of
embryo into thick, nutrient dense
endometrium

A

progesterone

48
Q

progesterone is produced by the ???

A

corpus luteum

49
Q

which female hormone aids the:
- Growth, fusion of epiphyseal plates
- Maturation of the reproductive tract
- Secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen

50
Q

estrogen is produced by ??? as well as the corpus luteum

A

follicles

51
Q

estrogen promotes calcium ??? and maintains low ???

A

calcium uptake,
low cholesterol

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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