Pathophysiology Immune Responses Flashcards
What are the two reasons for immune diseases
Deficiency in responding to an attack
An inappropriate or hyperreactive response
Genetic Deficiency (primary deficiency) lacks which components
IgA or a complement protein
What does severe combined immunodeficiency affect? (primary (genetic) deficiency)
B and T cells
How can severe combined immunodeficiency be treated
With hematopoietic stem cell donation or genetic engineering
Acquired immunodeficiency (secondary) does damage to (think HIV/AIDS)
A previously healthy system and is much more common that primary
Autoimmune diseases are caused by
An excessive immune system response against self-antigens which causes damage to surrounding tissues
Autoimmune diseases can occur if
Foreign antigens resemble self antigens or new self antigens appear from mutations or after infections
Hypersensitivity in inappropriate immune responses is an immune attack
On a perceived threat (allergen) that would otherwise be harmless
Type 1 hypersensitivity is called
Immeasurable hypersensitivity. Occurs within seconds to 30mins after exposure
Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by
IgE causing degranulation of mast cells and basophils. Eg hay fever
Type 2&3 subacute hypersensitivity is mediated by
By antibodies. Eg mismatched blood transfusion
Type 4 Delayed hypersensitivity (1-3 days) involved
T-Cells activation leading to inflammation. Eg contact dermatitis
True or false: An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that usually causes harm
False: it is a reaction to something that usually doesn’t cause harm
True or false: Intolerance is an adverse affects to something that doesn’t usually cause harm
True
