cell structure/function 2- ATP, Krebs cycle, ETC and oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards
ATP becomes ADP when
The last 2 phosphate molecules held by high-energy bonds are released and used for energy
TRUE or FALSE:
ATP is not stored but instead is
always expended for cellular
functions
TRUE
what kind of energy storage/release system is Creatine Phosphate CrP?
quick storage/release, Gives up to 15 seconds of ATP for immediate get up and
go
which type of energy is predominantly used by muscles?
CrP- Creatine Phosphate
which takes place in the cytoplasm and is the process of converting glucose to
pyruvate (ancient mechanism)
Glycolysis
does glycolysis occur in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
Yes but it is not the most efficient at producing ATP
What serves as a rapid mechanism to make ATP when oxygen
is unavailable or inadequate?
Glycolysis
TRUE or FALSE glucose to pyruvate doesn’t produce energy without oxygen
FALSE: glucose to pyruvate will generate energy despite oxygen presence
what uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and has a net of 2 ATP?
Glycolysis
pyruvate goes to
acetyl CoA (in mitochondria) which goes to TCA cycle in the presences of ? which means it is what type of respiration/metabolism
oxygen, aerobic respiration/metabolism
anaerobic respiration occurs when insufficient O2 and
mitochondria, then pyruvate goes to…?
lactate + H+ (lactic acid) (occurs in cytoplasm)
inner and cristae membrane in ??? is involved with energy
production (oxidative
phosphorylation), relatively
impermeable
mitochondria
what part of the mitochondria is involved with the KREBS Cycle?
Matrix - involved in energy
production (Krebs cycle)
which energy producing systems are associated with Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain and oxidative Phosphorylation
aerobic metabolism/ respiration
what starts the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate entering mitochondrial matrix
once in mitochondria matrix, pyruvate turns into
Acetyl CoA + CO2 ++NADH
citrate is formed when Acetyl CoA combines with
Combines with
oxaloacetate
CO2,
GTP, NADH and FADH2 are released from what?
Citrate in KREBS Cycle
TRUE or FALSE: Each citrate molecule
goes to 3NADH &1FADH2
that act as sources of
hydrogen atoms
TRUE
a source of hydrogen from WHERE feeds the Electron Transport Chain?
hydrogens come from KREBS Cycle from the NADH and FADH
flow of electrons along electron transport chain provides energy to pump ??? across the membrane.
protons are pumped across the membrane
why are protons pumped across the membrane in ETC system?
the proton gradient that is creates provides the energy to
phosphorylate ADP to
ATP
Citric acid cycle produces how many ATP molecules?
2
Electrons transport chian produces how many ATP?
26-28
TRUE or FALSE: Fatty acids, Lipids, Glycerol, and proteins are substrate sources for aerobic metabolism
TRUE
What is the use of lactate?
Lactate can regenerate glucose which is stored as glycogen
what is lactate made of
amino acids and glycerol
where is lactate commonly found to be used in the process of gluconeogenesis
liver, kidney cortex
and skeletal muscle
gluconeogenesis can be started with
lactate
why is protein synthesis important
serve as enzymes,
channels, active transporters,
structural elements, intracellular
highways (e.g. tubulin)
TRUE or FALSE: Glycerol can be made during the
process of glycolysis and fatty
acids from Acetyl CoA
TRUE
Peroxisomes detoxify ??? and other harmful substances by using powerful ??? to strip off hydrogen
Detoxifies H2O2 … by using powerful oxidative enzymes (use oxygen to strip off
hydrogen) -
what do lysosomes use to breakdown dead
organelles, proteins, lipids,
polysaccharides, etc
enzymes
