cell structure/function 2- ATP, Krebs cycle, ETC and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 1

ATP becomes ADP when

Answer 1

The last 2 phosphate molecules held by high-energy bonds are released and used for energy

Question 2

TRUE or FALSE:
ATP is not stored but instead is
always expended for cellular
functions

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

what kind of energy storage/release system is Creatine Phosphate CrP?

Answer 3

quick storage/release, Gives up to 15 seconds of ATP for immediate get up and
go

Question 4

which type of energy is predominantly used by muscles?

Answer 4

CrP- Creatine Phosphate

Question 5

which takes place in the cytoplasm and is the process of converting glucose to
pyruvate (ancient mechanism)

Answer 5

Glycolysis

Question 6

does glycolysis occur in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 6

Yes but it is not the most efficient at producing ATP

Question 7

What serves as a rapid mechanism to make ATP when oxygen
is unavailable or inadequate?

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE glucose to pyruvate doesn’t produce energy without oxygen

Answer 8

FALSE: glucose to pyruvate will generate energy despite oxygen presence

Question 9

what uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and has a net of 2 ATP?

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

pyruvate goes to
acetyl CoA (in mitochondria) which goes to TCA cycle in the presences of ? which means it is what type of respiration/metabolism

Answer 10

oxygen, aerobic respiration/metabolism

Question 11

anaerobic respiration occurs when insufficient O2 and
mitochondria, then pyruvate goes to…?

Answer 11

lactate + H+ (lactic acid) (occurs in cytoplasm)

Question 12

inner and cristae membrane in ??? is involved with energy
production (oxidative
phosphorylation), relatively
impermeable

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

what part of the mitochondria is involved with the KREBS Cycle?

Answer 13

Matrix - involved in energy
production (Krebs cycle)

Question 14

which energy producing systems are associated with Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain and oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 14

aerobic metabolism/ respiration

Question 15

what starts the Krebs cycle?

Answer 15

Pyruvate entering mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

once in mitochondria matrix, pyruvate turns into

Answer 16

Acetyl CoA + CO2 ++NADH

Question 17

citrate is formed when Acetyl CoA combines with

Answer 17

Combines with
oxaloacetate

Question 18

CO2,
GTP, NADH and FADH2 are released from what?

Answer 18

Citrate in KREBS Cycle

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE: Each citrate molecule
goes to 3NADH &1FADH2
that act as sources of
hydrogen atoms

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

a source of hydrogen from WHERE feeds the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 20

hydrogens come from KREBS Cycle from the NADH and FADH

Question 21

flow of electrons along electron transport chain provides energy to pump ??? across the membrane.

Answer 21

protons are pumped across the membrane

Question 22

why are protons pumped across the membrane in ETC system?

Answer 22

the proton gradient that is creates provides the energy to
phosphorylate ADP to
ATP

Question 23

Citric acid cycle produces how many ATP molecules?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Electrons transport chian produces how many ATP?

Answer 24

26-28

Question 25

TRUE or FALSE: Fatty acids, Lipids, Glycerol, and proteins are substrate sources for aerobic metabolism

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

What is the use of lactate?

Answer 26

Lactate can regenerate glucose which is stored as glycogen

Question 27

what is lactate made of

Answer 27

amino acids and glycerol

Question 28

where is lactate commonly found to be used in the process of gluconeogenesis

Answer 28

liver, kidney cortex
and skeletal muscle

Question 29

gluconeogenesis can be started with

Answer 29

lactate

Question 30

why is protein synthesis important

Answer 30

serve as enzymes,
channels, active transporters,
structural elements, intracellular
highways (e.g. tubulin)

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE: Glycerol can be made during the
process of glycolysis and fatty
acids from Acetyl CoA

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Peroxisomes detoxify ??? and other harmful substances by using powerful ??? to strip off hydrogen

Answer 32

Detoxifies H2O2 … by using powerful oxidative enzymes (use oxygen to strip off
hydrogen) -

Question 33

what do lysosomes use to breakdown dead
organelles, proteins, lipids,
polysaccharides, etc

Answer 33

enzymes