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Anatomy 2 > lymphatic system > Flashcards

lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the job of the lymphatic system?

A

to return fluids that leak from vascular
system back to the blood

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2
Q

how many litres of blood per day is filtrated?

A

20 letres, (17L is taken back up into blood system whilst 3L is kept in interstitial space)

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3
Q

what does interstitial fluid do?

A

allows nutrients, waste and gas exchange between blood and cells

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4
Q

Lymphatic vessels return ??? and plasma proteins to blood

A

lymph fluid

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5
Q

which way/where to does lymph flow?

A

flows unidirectionally to the heart

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6
Q

lymphatic capillaries collect ??? from what space?

A

Collect lymph from interstitial space

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7
Q

how permeable ar lymphatic capillaries? why?

A

VERY permeable. to allow exchange and facilitate absorption

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Endothelial cells tightly overlap forming one-way
mini-valves

A

FALSE, they are VERY LOOSE

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9
Q

what provides structural support?

A

collagen filaments

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10
Q

why do lymphatic capillaries need structural support?

A

so that interstitial fluid pressure doesn’t
collapse lymphatic capillaries

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11
Q

do proteins enter blood for absorbance?

A

No, they too big so enter lymph system instead.

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12
Q

what triggers lymphatic capillaries to widen? WHY?

A

inflammation and disease. To take up cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells

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13
Q

what do lymph nodes filter?

A

lymph nodes filter the lymph fluid passing through them.

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14
Q

what are the specialised lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine called?

A

lacteals

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15
Q

how is fat absorbed into blood? not through normal capillaries

A

fat is broken down and absorbed through the lymphatic systems lacteals

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16
Q

what do lymphatic capillaries drain into?

A

lymphatic collecting vessels

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17
Q

What do superficial lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?

A

Collecting vessels in the skin travel with superficial veins

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18
Q

What do deep lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?

A

Deep vessels travel
with deep arteries

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19
Q

what has thinner walls and more valves? veins or collecting vessels?

A

lymphatic collecting vessels

20
Q

what are lymphatic trunks?

A

the union of lymphatic vessels

21
Q

what are the two lymphatic ducts

A

Right lymphatic duct and the Thoracic
duct which arises from the cisterna chyli

22
Q

which duct drains the collecting vessels and trunks from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

A

the right lymphatic duct

23
Q

which duct arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body

A

the thoracic duct

24
Q

what do the lymphatic ducts empty their lymph into?

A

the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of the body

25
Q

how is lymph propelled through the body?

A

milking action of skeletal muscle, pulsations of nearby blood vessels, smooth muscle contractions in walls of lymphatic vessels

26
Q

Lymphedema is caused when ??? is blocked

A

lymphatic vasculature

27
Q

Lymphatic filariasis is when a ??? lives in lymph system

A

a parasitic worm

28
Q

what are lymphoid cells called?

A

lymphocytes.

29
Q

there are two types of lymphocytes, ??? and ???

A

T-cells and B-cells

30
Q

what do T cells and B cells protect against?

A

antigens. eg foreign material, bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc

31
Q

What do B-cells produce?

A

plasma cells that secrete antibodies

32
Q

T cells can destroy and attack foreign cells, but can also Control / manage the immune response by secreting:

A

secreting chemicals that signal other immune cells into defense, e.g., multiplication of B cells

33
Q

reticular connective tissue comprises what?

A

Lymphatic tissue: a loose connective tissue

34
Q

nodules are solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular fibres and lymphoid cells, also known as:

A

lymphatic follicles

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Diffuse lymphatic tissue: scattered reticular fibres in every body organ

A

TRUE

36
Q

where do lymph nodes cluster most in the body?

A

near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions

37
Q

the germinal centre found in lymph nodes contain what type of cell?

A

B-cells

38
Q

what does the cortex of a lymph node contain?

A

contains dendritic cells surrounding follicles with germinal centres, heavy with dividing B cells. Also T-cells on a very deep level

39
Q

the spleen is the site of ??? proliferation and ???

A

lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response

40
Q

what contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and huge numbers of
erythrocytes

A

the spleen

41
Q

what stores breakdown products from Red Blood Cells for late ruse? eg iron

A

the spleen

42
Q

what type of pulp sits around the central arteries in the spleen?

A

white pulp

43
Q

splenic cords (reticular connective tissue) that surround venous sinuses in the spleen makes up which pulp?

A

red pulp

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the tonsils are made up of lymphatic tissue

A

TRUE

45
Q

what is the site for T-cell lymphocyte maturation?

A

the thymus

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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