lymphatic system Flashcards
what is the job of the lymphatic system?
to return fluids that leak from vascular
system back to the blood
how many litres of blood per day is filtrated?
20 letres, (17L is taken back up into blood system whilst 3L is kept in interstitial space)
what does interstitial fluid do?
allows nutrients, waste and gas exchange between blood and cells
Lymphatic vessels return ??? and plasma proteins to blood
lymph fluid
which way/where to does lymph flow?
flows unidirectionally to the heart
lymphatic capillaries collect ??? from what space?
Collect lymph from interstitial space
how permeable ar lymphatic capillaries? why?
VERY permeable. to allow exchange and facilitate absorption
TRUE or FALSE: Endothelial cells tightly overlap forming one-way
mini-valves
FALSE, they are VERY LOOSE
what provides structural support?
collagen filaments
why do lymphatic capillaries need structural support?
so that interstitial fluid pressure doesn’t
collapse lymphatic capillaries
do proteins enter blood for absorbance?
No, they too big so enter lymph system instead.
what triggers lymphatic capillaries to widen? WHY?
inflammation and disease. To take up cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells
what do lymph nodes filter?
lymph nodes filter the lymph fluid passing through them.
what are the specialised lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine called?
lacteals
how is fat absorbed into blood? not through normal capillaries
fat is broken down and absorbed through the lymphatic systems lacteals
what do lymphatic capillaries drain into?
lymphatic collecting vessels
What do superficial lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?
Collecting vessels in the skin travel with superficial veins
What do deep lymphatic collecting vessels travel with?
Deep vessels travel
with deep arteries
what has thinner walls and more valves? veins or collecting vessels?
lymphatic collecting vessels
what are lymphatic trunks?
the union of lymphatic vessels
what are the two lymphatic ducts
Right lymphatic duct and the Thoracic
duct which arises from the cisterna chyli
which duct drains the collecting vessels and trunks from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax
the right lymphatic duct
which duct arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body
the thoracic duct
what do the lymphatic ducts empty their lymph into?
the venous system at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of the body
how is lymph propelled through the body?
milking action of skeletal muscle, pulsations of nearby blood vessels, smooth muscle contractions in walls of lymphatic vessels
Lymphedema is caused when ??? is blocked
lymphatic vasculature
Lymphatic filariasis is when a ??? lives in lymph system
a parasitic worm
what are lymphoid cells called?
lymphocytes.
there are two types of lymphocytes, ??? and ???
T-cells and B-cells
what do T cells and B cells protect against?
antigens. eg foreign material, bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc
What do B-cells produce?
plasma cells that secrete antibodies
T cells can destroy and attack foreign cells, but can also Control / manage the immune response by secreting:
secreting chemicals that signal other immune cells into defense, e.g., multiplication of B cells
reticular connective tissue comprises what?
Lymphatic tissue: a loose connective tissue
nodules are solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular fibres and lymphoid cells, also known as:
lymphatic follicles
TRUE or FALSE: Diffuse lymphatic tissue: scattered reticular fibres in every body organ
TRUE
where do lymph nodes cluster most in the body?
near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions
the germinal centre found in lymph nodes contain what type of cell?
B-cells
what does the cortex of a lymph node contain?
contains dendritic cells surrounding follicles with germinal centres, heavy with dividing B cells. Also T-cells on a very deep level
the spleen is the site of ??? proliferation and ???
lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response
what contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and huge numbers of
erythrocytes
the spleen
what stores breakdown products from Red Blood Cells for late ruse? eg iron
the spleen
what type of pulp sits around the central arteries in the spleen?
white pulp
splenic cords (reticular connective tissue) that surround venous sinuses in the spleen makes up which pulp?
red pulp
TRUE or FALSE: the tonsils are made up of lymphatic tissue
TRUE
what is the site for T-cell lymphocyte maturation?
the thymus
