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Living Evironment > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of the reproductive system

A

To produce sex cells

To transport the sex cells within the reproductive tracks

To produce offspring by fertilization

To nurture developing offspring
And produce hormones

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2
Q

Female sex cells

A

Eggs

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3
Q

Male sex cells

A

Sperm

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4
Q

Sex cells are also known as

A

Gametes

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5
Q

See male structure diagram

A

-

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6
Q

What are testes?

A

Glands where sperm and testosterone are produced

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7
Q

Glands where sperm and testosterone are produced

A

Testes

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8
Q

What is produced in the testes?

A

Sperm and testosterone

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9
Q

Where is sperm and testosterone produced?

A

In the testes

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10
Q

Where are testes located?

A

In the scrotum

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11
Q

What is located in the scrotum?

A

Testes

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12
Q

Why are the testes outside the body?

A

To maintain a cooler temperature

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13
Q

What does each testis contain?

A

A network of coiled tubes where sperm are produced by mitosis

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14
Q

What are the coiled tubes in the testes called?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

What are seminiferous tubules

A

The network of coiled tubes in each testis

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16
Q

How much sperm can a sexually mature male produce?

A

About 300 million sperm each day

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17
Q

It takes approximately ___ days for a sperm to mature in a process called _________

A

70; spermatogenesis

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18
Q

What is stored in the epididymis?

A

Sperm cells

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19
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A coiled tube in the scrotum where sperm complete their development

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20
Q

Where is the epididymis located?

A

In the scrotum

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21
Q

What do sperm do in the epididymis?

A

They complete their development

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22
Q

Once matured, the sperm leave the epididymis and enter the _____________, where they are stored

A

Vas deferens

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23
Q

The ___________ is a tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the _____________ and the urethra

A

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory

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24
Q

The tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra

A

Vas deferens

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25
Q

The urethra is used to discharge _____ and ______ from the body

A

Urine; semen

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26
Q

What discharges urine and semen from the body?

A

Urethra

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27
Q

See card labeled station 7

A

Vas deferens; urethra

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28
Q

The __________ produces a thin, alkaline fluid that helps sperm move. The fluid is secretes into the ___________ and mixed with sperm.

A

Prostate gland; vas deferens

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29
Q

What produces a think, alkaline fluid that helps sperm move?

A

Prostate gland

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30
Q

Where is the prostate located?

A

Under the bladder

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31
Q

What is the most common cancer among men?

A

Prostate cancer

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32
Q

What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?

A

A fluid that helps sperm survive the acidic environment of the vagina

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33
Q

__________ glands- 2 small glands located beneath the prostate. These glands secrete a fluid that help sperm survive through the acidic environment of the vagina

A

Bulbourethral

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34
Q

__________ are a pair of glands located underneath the bladder- they produce a thick fluid made up of fructose (sugar) which provides energy the sperm needs to survive

A

Seminal vesicles

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35
Q

What do seminal vesicles produce?

A

Fructose(sugar) to provide energy for the sperm

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36
Q

What is semen a mixture of

A

Sperm plus the fluids from the prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and seminal vesicles

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37
Q

A ___________ is used as a permanent birth control method in males

A

Vasectomy

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38
Q

What is the vasectomy used for?

A

Birth control in males

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39
Q

What is cut during a vasectomy?

A

Vas deferens

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40
Q

After a vasectomy, semen no longer contains _________

A

Sperm cells

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41
Q

What happens when the vas deferens is cut?

A

The male can no longer transfer sperm to the vagina and he can no longer make children.

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42
Q

The penis contains tissue called corpus ________ and corpus ________

A

Cavernosum; spongiosum

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43
Q

Wha type of muscle does the penis contain?

A

Smooth muscle

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44
Q

What must happen to the smooth muscle in order for an erection to occur?

A

The muscle must relax to allow the tissues to fill with blood

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45
Q

Sperm production is regulated by __________

A

Hormones

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46
Q

Name the three hormones that is required for sperm production:

A

LH

FSH

Testosterone

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47
Q

Testosterone, FSH, and LH are all regulated by the _______

A

Testes

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48
Q

Ovaries are ______ that produce _______ cells

A

Glands; egg

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49
Q

How many ovaries do females have?

A

Two

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50
Q

Approximately how big are ovaries?

A

The size of an almond

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51
Q

Where are ovaries located?

A

Either side of the lower abdomen

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52
Q

Check female reproductive

A

-

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53
Q

The Fallopian tubes (oviduct) connect the ovaries to the _______

A

Uterus

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54
Q

What occurs in the Fallopian tubes (oviduct)?

A

Fertilization

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55
Q

What are found within the Fallopian tubes (oviduct) that help move the egg along toward the uterus?

What is another way the egg is pushed along?

A

Cilia; peristalsis

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56
Q

What is another name for Fallopian tube?

A

Oviduct

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57
Q

Check front male

A

-

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58
Q

External fertilization

A
  • like spraying
  • the female lays a pile of eggs (a lot)
  • next the male release a lot of sperm in the same area
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59
Q
  • like spraying
  • the female lays a pile of eggs (a lot)
  • next the male release a lot of sperm in the same area
A

External fertilization

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60
Q

Internal fertilization

A
  • sperm is released within the females body
  • many sperm buy few eggs (higher chance of fertilization)
  • fertilized egg is well protected
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61
Q
  • sperm is released within the females body
  • many sperm buy few eggs (higher chance of fertilization)
  • fertilized egg is well protected
A

Internal fertilization

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62
Q

External development - little parent care

A
  • egg laying (many eggs to increase chance of survival)
  • less chance of survival

Turtles; fish

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63
Q

What type of development and care are turtles?

A

External development; little parent care

64
Q

External development - lots of parental care

A
  • eggs payed
  • parents maintain nest or take care of eggs
  • increased chance of survival

Birds; seahorses

65
Q

What type of care and development are seahorses and birds

A

External development, lots of parental care

66
Q

Check side male

A

-

67
Q

Internal development

A

Fetus grows within

68
Q

Fetus grows within

A

Internal development

69
Q

Do the baby and mother exchange blood?

A

No

70
Q

Viviparous

A

Fetal sharks live off placenta connected to mother

71
Q

Fetal sharks live off placenta connected to mother

A

Viviparous

72
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Fetal shakes receive nutrition from yolk sac

First to hatch eats the other

73
Q

Fetal shakes receive nutrition from yolk sac

First to hatch eats the other

A

Ovoviviparous

74
Q

Oviparity

A

Internal fertilization, external development

75
Q

Internal fertilization, external development

A

Oviparity

76
Q

Check front female

A

-

77
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce and release mature eggs

78
Q

Produce and release mature eggs

A

Ovaries

79
Q

Fallopian tubes/ oviduct

A

Carries egg to the uterus, fertilization occurs here

80
Q

Carries egg to the uterus, fertilization occurs here

A

Fallopian tubes/ oviduct

81
Q

Uterus

A

Site of embryo development

82
Q

Site of embryo development

A

Uterus

83
Q

Vagina

A

Birth Canal and site of sperm deposit

84
Q

Birth Canal and site of sperm deposit

A

Vagina

85
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

86
Q

Produce sperm

A

Testes

87
Q

Scrotum

A

Outer pocket of skin to keep testes cooler for ideal sperm development

88
Q

Outer pocket of skin to keep testes cooler for ideal sperm development

A

Scrotum

89
Q

Semen

A

A mix of sperm and nutrient containing fluid

90
Q

A mix of sperm and nutrient containing fluid

A

Semen

91
Q

Where does sperm swim through

A

The uterus and into the Fallopian tubes

92
Q

After fertilization where does the zygote move?

A

To the uterus - develops kore due to mitosis

93
Q

Check side female

A

-

94
Q

Cleavage

A

Repeating mitosis- forms a hollow ball of cells, no increase in size, just in cell number

95
Q

Repeating mitosis- forms a hollow ball of cells, no increase in size, just in cell number

A

Cleavage

96
Q

Bastula

A

A hollow ball of cells approximately the same size as the zygote

97
Q

A hollow ball of cells approximately the same size as the zygote

A

Bastula

98
Q

Gastrulation

A

One side of the bastula indents

99
Q

One side of the bastula indents

A

Gastrulation

100
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outer part of the gastrula becomes the nervous system and epidermis of the skin

101
Q

The outer part of the gastrula becomes the nervous system and epidermis of the skin

A

Ectoderm

102
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle of the gastrula becomes the muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, excitatory system, and reproductive system

103
Q

The middle of the gastrula becomes the muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, excitatory system, and reproductive system

A

Mesoderm

104
Q

Endoderm

A

The inner layer becomes the lining of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and the liver and pancreas

105
Q

The inner layer becomes the lining of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and the liver and pancreas

A

Endoderm

106
Q

Gestation

A

Time fetus develops in the uterus

107
Q

Time fetus develops in the uterus

A

Gestation

108
Q

See differentiation

A

-

109
Q

Placenta

A

Diffusion occurs between the baby and placenta

Nutrients, gases, and waste products are exchanged

110
Q

Diffusion occurs between the baby and placenta

Nutrients, gases, and waste products are exchanged

A

Placenta

111
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Low birth weight, premature birth

112
Q

Low birth weight, premature birth

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

113
Q

See pregnancy

A

-

114
Q

See embryonic development

A

-

115
Q

During which part of the cycle does the breakdown of the thickened uterine lining occur?

A

Follicle stage

116
Q

On or about which day is the egg released from the ovary?

A

Day 14

117
Q

What is the average length of the female reproductive cycle?

A

28 days

118
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

119
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

A hormonally controlled cycle in the human female in which an egg matures and is released from the ovary

120
Q

What is stage one of the menstrual cycle?

A

The follicle stage

121
Q

What is the follicle stage?

A

When an egg matures inside the ovary

122
Q

When an egg matures inside the ovary

A

Follicle stage

123
Q

Which stage is the follicle stage

A

Stage 1

124
Q

In which stage does the pituitary gland secrete FSH

A

The follicle stage

125
Q

Which gland secretes FSH and LH

A

Pituitary gland

126
Q

What is happening in the ovaries during the follicle stage?

A

The egg matures inside the embryo

127
Q

Approximately what day does ovulation occur

A

14

128
Q

What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle ?

A

To stimulate the development of the egg

Matures egg

129
Q

What is happening to the uterine lining as the level of estrogen begins to increase?

A

It is beginning to thicken

130
Q

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle ?

A

Thickens uterine lining

131
Q

As progesterone starts to decrease, what is happening to the uterine lining?

A

Starts to thin out.

Apoptosis

Period

132
Q

What does the growing of the follicle secrete?

A

The hormone estrogen

133
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

Causes the uterine lining to thicken

134
Q

What is the second stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

135
Q

What stage is ovulation

A

Second

136
Q

What happens during ovulation

A

The mature egg is released from the follicle in the ovary

137
Q

When is FSH production inhibited

A

Ovulation

138
Q

In which stage is LH secreted

A

Ovulation

139
Q

The mature egg is released from the follicle in the ovary

A

Ovulation

140
Q

What day does ovulation occur

A

Day 14 out

141
Q

What does LH cause

A

Changes in the ruptured follicle

142
Q

What causes changes in the ruptured follicle

A

LH

143
Q

What stage is the corpus luteum stage?

A

3

144
Q

What’s the third stage of the menstrual cycle

A

Corpus luteum stage

145
Q

What happens in the corpus luteum stage

A

Follicle becomes a mass of cells called the corpus luteum

146
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone

147
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Causes the uterine lining to thicken

148
Q

What is there an increase of in the corpus luteum stage

A

An increase in the number of blood vessels which also prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg

149
Q

Causes the uterine lining to thicken

A

Progesterone and estrogen

150
Q

Follicle becomes a mass of cells

A

Corpus luteum stage

151
Q

What happens if the egg is not fertilized in the corpus luteum stage?

A

The corpus luteum becomes inactive and menstruation occurs

152
Q

What happens during menstruation

A

Uterine lining breaks down and is shed

153
Q

Uterine lining breaks down and is shed

A

Menstruation

154
Q

What stage is menstruation

A

Stage 4

155
Q

Stage 4

A

Menstruation

156
Q

How long does menstruation last

A

3-7 days

157
Q

When does the corpus luteum shrink and progesterone production decrease

A

Menstruation

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