DNA Flashcards

1
Q

In a DNA molecule, the letters A, T, C, and G represent

A

Bases

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2
Q

The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism’s

A

DNA base sequence

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3
Q

What are the bases

A

A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine

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4
Q

A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine

A

Bases

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5
Q

What job does the Ligase do

A

Gluer

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6
Q

Gluer

A

Ligase

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7
Q

What job does helicase do

A

Unzipper

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8
Q

Unzipper

A

Helicase

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9
Q

What does DNA polymerase do

A

Builder

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10
Q

Builder

A

DNA polymerase

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11
Q

Primase

A

Initializer

Primer

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12
Q

A goes with

A

T

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13
Q

C goes with

A

G

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14
Q

T goes with

A

A

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15
Q

G goes with

A

C

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16
Q

Structure of DNA

A

double helix

17
Q

Monomers of DNA (Nucleotide)

A

Deoxyribose (5 Carbon sugar)
Phosphate
Nitrogen base

18
Q

Purines

A

Double rings

Adenine
Guanine

19
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Single ring

Thymine
Cytosine

20
Q

Check prime

A

-

21
Q

What do covalent bonds link

A

Carbon 3 and 5

22
Q

A purine must pair with a _____

A

Pyrimidine

23
Q

During what phase does DNA replication occur

A

Synthesis phase

24
Q

Step 1 of replication

A

Helicase unzips the double helix

Proteins hold the strands apart

25
Q

What unzips the double helix

A

Helicase

26
Q

What holds the DNA strands apart

A

Proteins

27
Q

Step 2 of replication

A

DNA polymerase starts copying the DNA from 3 prime to 5 prime end (new DNA built 5-3 prime end)

28
Q

From what to what does DNA Polymerase build

A

3 prime - 5 prime

29
Q

Lagging strand

A

Copied in sections bc copied from 3 prime to 5 prime end

Each new section is called Okazaki fragment

DNA Ligase seals the fragments

30
Q

What is each new section of the lagging strand called

A

Okazaki fragment

31
Q

What seals the lagging strand’s fragments

A

Ligase

32
Q

What proofreads for mutations

A

DNA Polymerase

33
Q

Bacteria 500 nucleotides

Mammal 50 nucleotides

A

-

34
Q

SSB

A

Holds strands open