Cellular Respiration And The Respiratory System Flashcards
Where is the electron transport chain taking place?
Inner Membranes of the mitochondria
In a plant cell, the synthesis of sugar compounds from inorganic raw materials occurs in the
chloroplasts
What equation represents the process of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water —->glucose + oxygen
What are the basic raw materials of photosynthesis
Water and carbon dioxide
Why is CO2 and water needed for photosynthesis
The molecules in include molecules of glucose and oxygen these two are needed to begin cellular respiration
Calvin cycle is also called
light independent reaction
Calvin cycle
CO2, ATP, NADPH ——> glucose, ADP, NADP+
CO2, ATP, NADPH ——> glucose, ADP, NADP+
Calvin cycle
Where does energy in photosynthesis come from
The energy comes from sunlight
Materials used in photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
Materials produced by photosynthesis
Glucose and oxygen
Timeframe for photosynthesis
When sunlight is available usually during the daytime
Relationship of photosynthesis to respiration
The energy originally stored and glucose during photosynthesis is transferred to the chemical bonds of ATP all cells run on the energy released from ATP
Cellular respiration
The Process of releasing the energy in chemical bonds
The Process of releasing the energy in chemical bonds
Cellular respiration
Where does energy for cellular respiration come from
Comes from the chemical bond energy of glucose molecules ends up in the bonds of ATP where it can be utilized for cell activities
Timeframe of cellular respiration
24/7
Location of cellular respiration
Mitochondria in most cells
Energy used for cells is stored in the form of
Chemical bond energy
In which process do organisms transfer the chemical bond energy in organic molecules to ATP molecules
Cellular respiration
The process during which energy is released from digested foods is called
Cellular respiration
Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction represented below
H2O+ATP —enzymes—> ADP+P+Energy
A)Energy is being stored as a result of cellular respiration
B)Energy is being released for metabolic processes
C)Decomposition is taking place resulting in the synthesis of ATP
D)Photosynthesis is taking place resulting the storage of energy
B) energy is being released for metabolic processes
Glycolysis
First station anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid molecules making twoATP
The greatest number of molecules of ATP is produced as a result of
Aerobic respiration
Which statement concerning the process of aerobic respiration is true
(1) It is identical to the process of burning
(2) It is quite similar in all organisms
(3) It usually does not involve organic catalysts
(4) It usually does not involve carbon dioxide production
(2)It is quite similar and all organisms
During which process is oxygen used by green plants
Respiration
To start the oxidation of one molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP must be used because
Certain chemical reactions in a living cell require activation energy
The aerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose releases more energy than the anaerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose because, in aerobic respiration,
More chemical bonds are broken
In a green plant cell, oxygen is used primarily for the process of
respiration
In animals, the organelles in which aerobic cellular respiration occurs are known as
Mitochondria
Within a plant cell, the glucose formed as a result of photosynthesis may be used directly as
An energy source during cellular respiration
Most animals make energy available for cell activity by transferring the potential energy of glucose to ATP. This process occurs during
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Which of the following processes releases the greatest amount of energy?
(1) The oxidation of one glucose molecule to lactic acid molecules
(2) The oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and water molecules
(3) The conversion of two glucose molecules to a maltose molecule
(4) The conversion of one glucose molecule to alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules
(2) the oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and water molecules
The oxidation of a glucose molecule Results in the synthesis of ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. This is a process known as
Aerobic respiration
A similarity in the aerobic respiratory activity of animals is the
(1) gases used and produced
(2) net gain of fourATP molecules
(3) type of alcohol produced
(4) Temperature of the respiratory organs
(1) gases used and produced
Products of aerobic respiration in green plants are
Carbon dioxide and water
The main result of aerobic respiration is the
Production of ATP and the breakdown of glucose
Statement best describes an aerobic heterotroph
(1) It uses free oxygen for respiration but it cannot make its own food
(2) it uses free oxygen for respiration and it can make its own food
(3) it does not use free oxygen for respiration and it cannot make its own food
(4) it does not use free oxygen for respiration but it can make its own food
(1) It uses free oxygen for respiration but it cannot make its own food
The potential energy of organic molecules is most readily available to cells in the form of
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
In the process of respiration, aerobic organisms generally use
(1) CO2 and give off molecular oxygen
(2) molecular nitrogen and give of CO2
(3) CO2 and give off molecular nitrogen
(4) molecular oxygen and give off CO2
(4) molecular oxygen and give off CO2
Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?
Oxygen
Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction represented below?
H2O + ATP ATPase ADP+P+Energy
Energy is being released for metabolic activities
In plant and animal cells, most enzymes involved in aerobic cellular respiration are located
Within the mitochondria
What is the net gain in ATP following completion of aerobic cellular respiration of one molecule of glucose in a brain cell?
36/38
In a bean plant, which reaction would release the greatest amount of energy
Aerobic respiration
In plant cells, which organelle is most closely associated with aerobic respiration?
Mitochondrion
In photosynthesis, chlorophyll functions in changing
Light energy to chemical bond energy
Over a 24- hour period, which factor would have the least effect upon the rate of photosynthesis in a geranium plant?
(1) concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
(2) quantity of nitrates in the soil
(3) wavelengths of light
(4) availability of water in soil
(2) quantity of nitrates in soil
The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from
The splitting of water molecules
Hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide molecules participate in a series of chemical changes that produce a three-carbon sugar in photosynthesis, these chemical changes are part of
(1) the photochemical reactions, only
(2) the carbon/ fixation reactions, only
(3) both
(4) neither
(2) the carbon-fixation reactions, only
The basic inorganic materials used during photosynthesis
Water and carbon dioxide
In the photosynthetic reaction, which event normally occurs before the other three?
(1) oxygen release
(2) water absorption
(3) PGAL synthesis
(4) glucose formation
(2) water absorption
Bh which process are CO2 and H2O converted to carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of
Carbohydrate and oxygen
Green plants usually do not excrete large amounts of CO2 because they use CO2 in the process of
Photosynthesis
At optimum light intensity, which atmospheric gas most directly influences the rate of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
The basic raw materials for photosynthesis are
Water and carbon dioxide
Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere result form the process of
Photosynthesis
Which substance must a green plant obtain from its environment to carry on photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
Stomate
Pores (openings) in plant leaves
Allow water and gases to enter the leaf
Pores (openings) in plant leaves
Allow water and gases to enter the leaf
Stomate
Guard cells
Control the opening and the closing of the stomates
Control the opening and the closing of the stomates
Guard cells
A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure
Cell membrane
Formula for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Anaerobic respiration formula
Glucose + 2 ATP —-> 2 lactic acid + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)
Glucose + 2 ATP —-> 2 lactic acid + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)
Anaerobic
Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Aerobic
How much ATP does aerobic respiration make
36 -38
What does lactic acid fermentation make our bodies
Sore
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
Anaerobic alcohol fermentation
Glucose + 2 ATP ——> CO2 + alcohol + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)
Lenticles
Small holes in woody stems of plants that allow for gas exchange
Worm gas exchange
Through their moist skin
Fish gas exchange
Thought gills to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
The nasal cavity
Warms air
Mucus membranes - moisten air and trap dust and debris
Hair filters and traps dust
Epiglottis
Little flap that prevents good from entering the trachea
Little flap that prevents good from entering the trachea
Epiglottis
Trachea
Long tube, Rings of cartilage to keep open, mucus and hairs to clear passageway
Long tube, Rings of cartilage to keep open, mucus and hairs to clear passageway
Trachea
Bronchi
Two branches at the end of trachea, spreading out to the lungs
Two branches at the end of trachea, spreading out to the lungs
Bronchi
Why do lungs branch out
To create more surface area to increase efficiency of gas exchange
Alveoli
Air sacs that are 1 cell later thick (easier diffusion)
Capillary
Thinnest blood vessel
Thinnest blood vessel
Capillary
Air sacs that are 1 cell later thick (easier diffusion)
Alevoli
Inhale
Ribs up and out, diaphragm down
Exhale
Ribs down, diaphragm up
Allergies cause
Benign (non-harmful) substance causing a histamine response
Asthma cause
Genetic exercise air contamination
What happens with asthma
Muscles around the bronchioles tighten and won’t relax, swell, mucus is produced
Bronchitis
Infection and inflammation caused by virus, bacteria, asthma, smoking
Emphysema
Caused by smoking where the alveoli are overstretched and lose their elasticity
Cancer
Caused by smoking
What is the main job of the respiratory system?
To provide our body with _____, for the purpose of _______
Also to remove _______
Oxygen
Aerobic respiration
CO2
Plants exchange gases through _______, which are openings on the underside of leaves
Stomates
Nasal cavity has space which ______ the air, __________ which moisten the air and _______ which filter the air
Warms
Mucus membranes
Hair
Larynx
Voice box
Voice box
Larynx
Diaphragm
Under lungs
