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Living Evironment > Cellular Respiration And The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration And The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the electron transport chain taking place?

A

Inner Membranes of the mitochondria

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2
Q

In a plant cell, the synthesis of sugar compounds from inorganic raw materials occurs in the

A

chloroplasts

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3
Q

What equation represents the process of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water —->glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

What are the basic raw materials of photosynthesis

A

Water and carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Why is CO2 and water needed for photosynthesis

A

The molecules in include molecules of glucose and oxygen these two are needed to begin cellular respiration

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6
Q

Calvin cycle is also called

A

light independent reaction

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7
Q

Calvin cycle

A

CO2, ATP, NADPH ——> glucose, ADP, NADP+

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8
Q

CO2, ATP, NADPH ——> glucose, ADP, NADP+

A

Calvin cycle

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9
Q

Where does energy in photosynthesis come from

A

The energy comes from sunlight

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10
Q

Materials used in photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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11
Q

Materials produced by photosynthesis

A

Glucose and oxygen

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12
Q

Timeframe for photosynthesis

A

When sunlight is available usually during the daytime

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13
Q

Relationship of photosynthesis to respiration

A

The energy originally stored and glucose during photosynthesis is transferred to the chemical bonds of ATP all cells run on the energy released from ATP

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14
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The Process of releasing the energy in chemical bonds

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15
Q

The Process of releasing the energy in chemical bonds

A

Cellular respiration

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16
Q

Where does energy for cellular respiration come from

A

Comes from the chemical bond energy of glucose molecules ends up in the bonds of ATP where it can be utilized for cell activities

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17
Q

Timeframe of cellular respiration

A

24/7

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18
Q

Location of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria in most cells

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19
Q

Energy used for cells is stored in the form of

A

Chemical bond energy

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20
Q

In which process do organisms transfer the chemical bond energy in organic molecules to ATP molecules

A

Cellular respiration

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21
Q

The process during which energy is released from digested foods is called

A

Cellular respiration

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22
Q

Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction represented below

H2O+ATP —enzymes—> ADP+P+Energy

A)Energy is being stored as a result of cellular respiration
B)Energy is being released for metabolic processes
C)Decomposition is taking place resulting in the synthesis of ATP
D)Photosynthesis is taking place resulting the storage of energy

A

B) energy is being released for metabolic processes

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23
Q

Glycolysis

A

First station anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid molecules making twoATP

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24
Q

The greatest number of molecules of ATP is produced as a result of

A

Aerobic respiration

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25
Q

Which statement concerning the process of aerobic respiration is true

(1) It is identical to the process of burning
(2) It is quite similar in all organisms
(3) It usually does not involve organic catalysts
(4) It usually does not involve carbon dioxide production

A

(2)It is quite similar and all organisms

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26
Q

During which process is oxygen used by green plants

A

Respiration

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27
Q

To start the oxidation of one molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP must be used because

A

Certain chemical reactions in a living cell require activation energy

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28
Q

The aerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose releases more energy than the anaerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose because, in aerobic respiration,

A

More chemical bonds are broken

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29
Q

In a green plant cell, oxygen is used primarily for the process of

A

respiration

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30
Q

In animals, the organelles in which aerobic cellular respiration occurs are known as

A

Mitochondria

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31
Q

Within a plant cell, the glucose formed as a result of photosynthesis may be used directly as

A

An energy source during cellular respiration

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32
Q

Most animals make energy available for cell activity by transferring the potential energy of glucose to ATP. This process occurs during

A

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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33
Q

Which of the following processes releases the greatest amount of energy?

(1) The oxidation of one glucose molecule to lactic acid molecules
(2) The oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and water molecules
(3) The conversion of two glucose molecules to a maltose molecule
(4) The conversion of one glucose molecule to alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules

A

(2) the oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and water molecules

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34
Q

The oxidation of a glucose molecule Results in the synthesis of ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. This is a process known as

A

Aerobic respiration

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35
Q

A similarity in the aerobic respiratory activity of animals is the

(1) gases used and produced
(2) net gain of fourATP molecules
(3) type of alcohol produced
(4) Temperature of the respiratory organs

A

(1) gases used and produced

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36
Q

Products of aerobic respiration in green plants are

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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37
Q

The main result of aerobic respiration is the

A

Production of ATP and the breakdown of glucose

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38
Q

Statement best describes an aerobic heterotroph

(1) It uses free oxygen for respiration but it cannot make its own food
(2) it uses free oxygen for respiration and it can make its own food
(3) it does not use free oxygen for respiration and it cannot make its own food
(4) it does not use free oxygen for respiration but it can make its own food

A

(1) It uses free oxygen for respiration but it cannot make its own food

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39
Q

The potential energy of organic molecules is most readily available to cells in the form of

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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40
Q

In the process of respiration, aerobic organisms generally use

(1) CO2 and give off molecular oxygen
(2) molecular nitrogen and give of CO2
(3) CO2 and give off molecular nitrogen
(4) molecular oxygen and give off CO2

A

(4) molecular oxygen and give off CO2

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41
Q

Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?

A

Oxygen

42
Q

Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction represented below?

H2O + ATP ATPase ADP+P+Energy

A

Energy is being released for metabolic activities

43
Q

In plant and animal cells, most enzymes involved in aerobic cellular respiration are located

A

Within the mitochondria

44
Q

What is the net gain in ATP following completion of aerobic cellular respiration of one molecule of glucose in a brain cell?

A

36/38

45
Q

In a bean plant, which reaction would release the greatest amount of energy

A

Aerobic respiration

46
Q

In plant cells, which organelle is most closely associated with aerobic respiration?

A

Mitochondrion

47
Q

In photosynthesis, chlorophyll functions in changing

A

Light energy to chemical bond energy

48
Q

Over a 24- hour period, which factor would have the least effect upon the rate of photosynthesis in a geranium plant?

(1) concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
(2) quantity of nitrates in the soil
(3) wavelengths of light
(4) availability of water in soil

A

(2) quantity of nitrates in soil

49
Q

The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from

A

The splitting of water molecules

50
Q

Hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide molecules participate in a series of chemical changes that produce a three-carbon sugar in photosynthesis, these chemical changes are part of

(1) the photochemical reactions, only
(2) the carbon/ fixation reactions, only
(3) both
(4) neither

A

(2) the carbon-fixation reactions, only

51
Q

The basic inorganic materials used during photosynthesis

A

Water and carbon dioxide

52
Q

In the photosynthetic reaction, which event normally occurs before the other three?

(1) oxygen release
(2) water absorption
(3) PGAL synthesis
(4) glucose formation

A

(2) water absorption

53
Q

Bh which process are CO2 and H2O converted to carbohydrates

A

Photosynthesis

54
Q

Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of

A

Carbohydrate and oxygen

55
Q

Green plants usually do not excrete large amounts of CO2 because they use CO2 in the process of

A

Photosynthesis

56
Q

At optimum light intensity, which atmospheric gas most directly influences the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

57
Q

The basic raw materials for photosynthesis are

A

Water and carbon dioxide

58
Q

Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere result form the process of

A

Photosynthesis

59
Q

Which substance must a green plant obtain from its environment to carry on photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

60
Q

Stomate

A

Pores (openings) in plant leaves

Allow water and gases to enter the leaf

61
Q

Pores (openings) in plant leaves

Allow water and gases to enter the leaf

A

Stomate

62
Q

Guard cells

A

Control the opening and the closing of the stomates

63
Q

Control the opening and the closing of the stomates

A

Guard cells

64
Q

A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure

A

Cell membrane

65
Q

Formula for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

66
Q

Anaerobic respiration formula

A

Glucose + 2 ATP —-> 2 lactic acid + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)

67
Q

Glucose + 2 ATP —-> 2 lactic acid + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)

A

Anaerobic

68
Q

Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

A

Aerobic

69
Q

How much ATP does aerobic respiration make

A

36 -38

70
Q

What does lactic acid fermentation make our bodies

A

Sore

71
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

Cytoplasm

72
Q

Anaerobic alcohol fermentation

A

Glucose + 2 ATP ——> CO2 + alcohol + 4 ATP (total gain of 2 ATP)

73
Q

Lenticles

A

Small holes in woody stems of plants that allow for gas exchange

74
Q

Worm gas exchange

A

Through their moist skin

75
Q

Fish gas exchange

A

Thought gills to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide

76
Q

The nasal cavity

A

Warms air

Mucus membranes - moisten air and trap dust and debris

Hair filters and traps dust

77
Q

Epiglottis

A

Little flap that prevents good from entering the trachea

78
Q

Little flap that prevents good from entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis

79
Q

Trachea

A

Long tube, Rings of cartilage to keep open, mucus and hairs to clear passageway

80
Q

Long tube, Rings of cartilage to keep open, mucus and hairs to clear passageway

A

Trachea

81
Q

Bronchi

A

Two branches at the end of trachea, spreading out to the lungs

82
Q

Two branches at the end of trachea, spreading out to the lungs

A

Bronchi

83
Q

Why do lungs branch out

A

To create more surface area to increase efficiency of gas exchange

84
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs that are 1 cell later thick (easier diffusion)

85
Q

Capillary

A

Thinnest blood vessel

86
Q

Thinnest blood vessel

A

Capillary

87
Q

Air sacs that are 1 cell later thick (easier diffusion)

A

Alevoli

88
Q

Inhale

A

Ribs up and out, diaphragm down

89
Q

Exhale

A

Ribs down, diaphragm up

90
Q

Allergies cause

A

Benign (non-harmful) substance causing a histamine response

91
Q

Asthma cause

A

Genetic exercise air contamination

92
Q

What happens with asthma

A

Muscles around the bronchioles tighten and won’t relax, swell, mucus is produced

93
Q

Bronchitis

A

Infection and inflammation caused by virus, bacteria, asthma, smoking

94
Q

Emphysema

A

Caused by smoking where the alveoli are overstretched and lose their elasticity

95
Q

Cancer

A

Caused by smoking

96
Q

What is the main job of the respiratory system?

To provide our body with _____, for the purpose of _______

Also to remove _______

A

Oxygen

Aerobic respiration

CO2

97
Q

Plants exchange gases through _______, which are openings on the underside of leaves

A

Stomates

98
Q

Nasal cavity has space which ______ the air, __________ which moisten the air and _______ which filter the air

A

Warms

Mucus membranes

Hair

99
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

100
Q

Voice box

A

Larynx

101
Q

Diaphragm

A

Under lungs

Living Evironment (10 decks)

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