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ANAT1005 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the male reproductive system?

A
  • produces, stores and transports sperm
  • produce and secrete ‘testosterone’
  • Required to deposit sperm into female reproductive tract
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2
Q

What are the three main types of structures in the spermatic cord

A
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
  • ductus deferens
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3
Q

What two blood vessels are found in the spermatic cord

A
  • testicular artery

- pampiniform plexus (cooling)

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4
Q

What does the ductus deferens fo?

A

transports sperm to ejaculatory duct

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5
Q

Where does the superior portion of the ductus deferens run through

A

The inguinal canal

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6
Q

What are the two rings of the inguinal canal and where are they?

A
  • deep inguinal ring: entrance to the inguinal canal from the abdominal cavity
  • superficial inguinal ring: exit for inguinal canal. Provides exit for testis to scrotum
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7
Q

What separates the two compartments of the scrotum?

A

Scrotal septum

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8
Q

What are the three layers of the wall of the scrotum?

A
  • external (skin)
  • superficial fascia
  • smooth muscle (dartos muscle)
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9
Q

What prevents heat loss from the testes

A

Involuntary contraction of the dartos muscle which causes wrinkles on the scrotal surface

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10
Q

what muscle elevates the testes?

A

Cremaster mmuscle

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11
Q

How are the testes suspended in the scrotum?

A

The spermatic cord

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12
Q

What two substances to the testes produce?

A

sperm and testosterone

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13
Q

What are the two layers covering the testes?

A
  1. Tunica vaginalis testis

2. tunica albuginea

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14
Q

What are the two main cell types in the testes?

A

Sertoli cells - produce sperm

lydig cells - produce testoserone

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15
Q

What is the role of the epididymus?

A

Sperm storage and maturation

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16
Q

What are the five types of tubes found in the testes

A
  • seminiferous tubules
  • straight tubules
  • rete testis
  • efferent ducts
  • epididymus
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17
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules do?

A
  • hundreds of highly coiled tubes packed into tunica alguginea
  • site of spermatogenesis
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18
Q

what do the Straight tubules do?

A
  • collect sperm from seminiferous tubules
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19
Q

What do the rete testis do?

A

Collect sperm from straight tubules

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20
Q

What do the efferent ducts do?

A
  • carry sperm to epidiymus
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21
Q

Whats the ductus deferens?

A
  • muscular tube that transports sperm from epididymus to ejaculatory duct
  • walls contain an inner mucosa, middle muscularis and outer adnevtitia
  • muscularis contains smooth muscle
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22
Q

What is the flow of sperm

A
  1. seminiferous tubule
  2. straight tubules
  3. rete testis
  4. efferent ductules
  5. epididymus
  6. ductus deferens
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23
Q

How are the ejaculatory ducts formed?

A

by the merge of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles

24
Q

Where do the ejaculatory ducts pass through?

A

The prostate gland and empty into the urthra

25
Q

What are the three main accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands
26
Q

How is semen made?

A

Seminal fluid (alkaline) mixes with sperm

27
Q

What fluids do the seminal vesicles secrete and why are these fluids needed?

A
  • fructose: nourish sperm

- prostaglandins dilate the cervix

28
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A
  • a viscous mucus that protects the urethra and serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse
29
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A
  • a slightly alkaline semen fluid

- a milky appearing fluid which makes up 25-30% of semen volume

30
Q

Why is semen fluid slightly alkaline?

A

To neutralise the acidity of the vagina to allow sperm to survive

31
Q

What are the external apparatus of the penis? (proximal to distal)

A

mons pubis
body
glans pubis
prepuce - foreskin

32
Q

What are the three internal structures of the penis?

A
  • one corpus sponginosum (posterior)

- two corpus cavernosa (anterior)

33
Q

What does the male urethra do?

A

Carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to “outside”

34
Q

What are the three parts of the male urethra

A
  • prostatic
  • membranous
  • spongy
35
Q

What is the role of the two urethral sphincter in a male?

A
  • internal urethral sphincter stop semen from flowing back into bladder and prevents the simultaneous passage of sperm and urine through the male urethra
36
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

A
  • produces gametes (oocytes)
  • protects and supports the developing embryos
  • facilitates birth
  • nourishes the newborn infant
37
Q

What are the primary organs of the female reproductive system?

A

ovaries

38
Q

What are the accessory organs of the female reproductive system?

A

fallopian tubes, tubes, uterus, vagina

39
Q

How are the ovaries connected to the female reproductive system?

A
  • Broad ligament: anchors to body wall
  • Ovarian ligaments: anchors to outer layer of the uterus
  • Suspensory ligaments: attach to the lateral edge of each ovary and projects superlaterally to the pelvic wall
40
Q

What type of organ are the ovaries?

A

Intraperitoneal

41
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

the part of the broad ligament covering the ovary

42
Q

Fallopian tubes:
what type of organ?
how are they suspended?
What occurs there?

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • mesosalpink
  • fertiliztion occurs here!!
  • unfertilized oocytes degenerate
43
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tube? (ovary to uterus)

A
  • fimbriae
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
44
Q

How does a fetus develop?

A

An embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus, creates a placenta and develops into a fetus

45
Q

How does the uterus derive nourishment?

A

From blood vessels

46
Q

What are the parts of the uterus (superior to inferior)

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Cervix
47
Q

What are the superior and internal parts of the cervix called?

A

The internal os and external os

48
Q

What is the circular part of the cervix?

A

Isthmus of uterus

49
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine wall? in to out

A
  • Perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
50
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium

A
  • functional layer

- basal layer (not shed)

51
Q

How is the uterus held in place?

A

Mesometrium: anchors to lateral pelvic wall

  • cardinal ligaments: horizontal from cervix and vagina
  • round ligaments: binds uterus to anterior pelvic wall
52
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the vagina?

A
  • passage for the elimination of menstrual fluids
  • receives penis during intercourse
  • holds sperm before passing them on to uterus
  • forms lower part birth canal
53
Q

What are the three coats of the vagina?

A
  • adventitia: fibrous connective tissue
  • Muscularis: smooth muscle
  • Mucosa: marked by transverse folds
54
Q

What is the collective name of a females external genitalia

A

Vulva

55
Q

What are three main structures of the mammary glands?

A
  • alveoli
  • lactiferous ducts
  • lactiferous sinuses
56
Q

What are the two main hormones produce breast milk and what do they do?

A
  • prolactin: stimulates production of breast milk

- Oxytocin: responsible for milk ejection

ANAT1005 (10 decks)

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