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ANAT1005 > Ear and eyes > Flashcards

Ear and eyes Flashcards

End of semester exam

1
Q

What are the 5 special sense?

A
  • olfaction (smell)
  • Gustation (taste)
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Equilibrium
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2
Q

What are the 5 accessory structures of the eye?

A
  • Eyebrows
  • Eyelids
  • Conjunctiva
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
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3
Q

What are the 2 structures of the eyelid?

A
  • tarsal plates

- levator palpebrae superious

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4
Q

What are the 2 structures of he conjunctiva?

A
  • Bulbar conjunctiva

- Palpebral conjunctiva

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5
Q

What is the point of the lacrimal apparatus?

A
  • consists of structures opposite which help to keep the surface of the eyeball moist.
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6
Q

Explain the process of blinking in regards to the lacrimal apparatus

A

The lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid which is spread across the eyeball during blinking. The fluid drains into the lacrimal puncta and lacrimal canaliculi to the lacrimal sac where the fluid passes to the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.

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7
Q

Name the four rectus muscles of the eye

A
  • lateral rectus
  • medial retus
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
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8
Q

Name the two oblique muscles

A
  • superior oblique

- inferior oblique

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9
Q

Name the three internal ‘tunics’ of the internal eyeball and what they contain

A
  • Fibrous tunic (sclera)
  • Vascular tunic (iris, ciliary bodies, choroid)
  • Neural tunic (retina)
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10
Q

Describe the iris

A
  • Pigmented diaphragm with central pupil

- Contains nuclear and radiate smooth muscle

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11
Q

What are the four things focusing of light/accommodation depends on?

A
  • Bending of light by cornea (most powerful)
  • Bending of light by lens (depends on relaxation of cillary muscle)
  • Bending of light by the humors
  • Most visual acuity found at fovea centralis of the macula lutea (contains all cones)
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12
Q

What are the two features of the posterior eyeball?

A
  • Macula lutea

- Optic disc (no photoreceptors)

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13
Q

PHOTORECEPTORS

Rods

A
  • most numerous
  • most sensitive to light
  • do not provide high acuity or colour vision
  • found outside fovea centralis
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14
Q

PHOTORECEPTORS

Cones

A
  • increased density towards fovea centralis (approx. 6 million)
  • Operate best in bright light
  • Three subtypes sensitive to red, blue and green light respectively
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15
Q

List the 11 parts of the external ear

A
  • Tragus
  • Antitragus
  • Intertragic incisure
  • Antihelix
  • Scaphoid fossa
  • Helix
  • Lobule
  • Concha
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16
Q

List the three structures of the inner ear and what they’re used for

A

Cochlea: hearing
Vestibule: linear acceleration
Semicircular canals: rotational acceleration

17
Q

What does the vestibule consist of?

A
  • utricle (continuous with SCC)

- Saccule (continuous with the Cochlear D.)

ANAT1005 (10 decks)

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