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anaphy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Funcitons of reproductive system

A

Production of gametes
Fertilization
Development and norusihment of a new individual
Production of reproductive hormones

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2
Q

Male gamete

A

Sperm cells

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3
Q

Female gametes

A

Oocytes or egg cells

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4
Q

Fertilization site

A

Fallopian tube

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5
Q

Hormone for female

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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6
Q

Male hormone

A

Testosterone

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7
Q

Produce gametes and secretes sex hormones

A

Gonads

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8
Q

Gonads of male and female

A

Ovaries and testes

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9
Q

Reproductive system conssits of what structures

A

Gonads
Ducts
Glands
Supporting structures

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10
Q

Sutdy of female reproductive system

A

Gynecology

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11
Q

Study of urinary and male reproductive system

A

Urology

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12
Q

Sac of loose skin, fascia, smooth muscle. Divided into two pouches by a septum

A

Scrotum

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13
Q

Function of scrotum

A

Temprature regulator

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14
Q

Soerm survies in what degrees

A

2-3 degrees lower temp that core body temp

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15
Q

Oute muscle of the scrotum

A

Dartos muscle

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16
Q

Extensions of abdominal muscles into the scrotum

A

Cremaster muscles

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17
Q

When temp increase what halpens to dartos and cremaster muscles

A

Relax

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18
Q

Sperm cells are very

A

Temperature sensitive

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19
Q

Paired of oval glands wihtin the scrotum

A

Testes

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20
Q

Exocrine funciton of testes

A

Sperm

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21
Q

Endocrine funciton of testes

A

Testosterone

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22
Q

Outer thick dense white capsule

A

Tunica albuginea

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23
Q

Speta form 300 to 400 compartments called

A

Lobules

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24
Q

Each lobule is filled with

A

2 or 3 seminiferous tubules

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25
Q

Failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum

A

Cryptorchidism

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26
Q

Site of sperm cell production and dcelopment

A

Smeiniferous tubules

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27
Q

Endocrine cells located between tubules and secretes testosterone

A

Interstitial leydig cells

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28
Q

Extend from basement membrane to lumen

A

Sertoli cells

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29
Q

Sertori cells form

A

Blood testis barrier

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30
Q

Sertoli cells secretes what which slows down sperm production

A

Inhibin

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31
Q

Seminiferous tubules empty into this set of short staight tubules

A

Tubuli recti

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32
Q

Tubuli recti empty into thus tubular network called

A

Rete testis

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33
Q

Empties into 15-20 tubules called

A

Efferent ductules

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34
Q

Near the periphery

A

Spermatogonia

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35
Q

This cells are near the kumen of the smeinferous tubules

A

Mature cells

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36
Q

Sperm cell path way

A

Seminiferous tubulues-tubuli recti-rete tesits-efferent ductules-epididymis-ducto of epididymis-ductus deferens

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37
Q

Spermatogenic life chcle

A

Spermatogonium-primary spermatocyte-secondary spermatocyte-early spermatid-later spermatid-soerm cells

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38
Q

Comma shaped structure containing tightly coiled series of threadliek tubulues

A

Epididymis and vas deferens

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39
Q

Days of travel of sperm through the epididymis

A

12 to 16

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40
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Venous plexus
Lymphatuc vessels

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41
Q

End of vas deferens

A

Ampulla

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42
Q

Soerm forming cells go through two

A

Meiotic division

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43
Q

Cells that give rise to sperm cells

A

Spermatogonia

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44
Q

Spermatogonia is divided by

A

Mitosis

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45
Q

Rimary spermatocyte underrgoes

A

Firs tmeiotic division

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46
Q

Secodnary spermatocytes has how many chormosomes

A

23

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47
Q

Formed by the second meiotic division of secondary spermatocyte

A

Spermatids

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48
Q

Differentiated spermatids

A

Sperm cells

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49
Q

This maintian the blood testis barrier

A

Sustentacular cells

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50
Q

Paired organs each one is enclosed in a fibrous white capsule of dense connective tissue

A

Testes

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51
Q

Dense connective tissue in testes

A

Tunica albuginea

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52
Q

Seminferous tubules consists of what kind of epithelium

A

Stratified

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53
Q

Proximal tot he basement membrane and contain oval or spehrical nuclei

A

Spermatogonia

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54
Q

Characterized by highly condense chromoseome givng the nucleus a coarse chromatin pattern

A

Primary spermatocytes

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55
Q

Soherical cells with interphase nuclei positioned high int he eptihelium

A

Spermatids

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56
Q

Progeny cells remain attached to each other by what

A

Ctoplasmic bridges

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57
Q

Epididymis compsots of three parts

A

Caput
Corpora
Cauda

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58
Q

Spermatozoa are stored here while they undergo maturation

A

Epididymis

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59
Q

Long nonmotile microvili to increase absorptive secretive surface of this epithelium

A

Stereocilia

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60
Q

What type of epithelium contains stereocilia

A

Pseudostratified stereociliated columnar epithelium

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61
Q

Contains enzymes that help in penetrating the egg

A

Acrosome

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62
Q

Head or acrosome contains

A

Dna

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63
Q

The midpiece of a sperm contains what

A

Mitochondria

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64
Q

Purpose of flagellum

A

Locomotion

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65
Q

Hypothalamus secretes this as a first part of hormonal control of male physiology

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

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66
Q

Gnrh activates what to produce LH and FSH

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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67
Q

FSH produce what type of cells

A

Sertoli cells

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68
Q

Help form the blood tetis barrier and contain FSH receptors on its membranes

A

Sertoli cells

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69
Q

FSH cause sertoli cells to lroduce what?

A

Androgen binding protein and inhibin

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70
Q

LH causes interstitial and leydig cells secrete?

A

Testosterone

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71
Q

These two enables spermatogenesis

A

ABP and testosterone

72
Q

Paired saccular glands posterior to the urinary bladder

A

Seminal vesicles

73
Q

Formed by short duct and ductus deferens at the ampulla

A

Ejaculatory duct

74
Q

This secrete clear alkaline seminal fluid anf secretes chemical for sperm coagulation

A

Seminal vesicles

75
Q

Firm dense structure inferior to the urinary bladder this secretes milky anf slightly acidic seminal fluid

A

Prostate

76
Q

Secretes clear alkaline mucus to buffer an dlubricate the urethra

A

Bulbourethra, gland

77
Q

Mixture of sperm cells and smeinal fluids

A

Semen

78
Q

Where does 60 and 30 percent composiiton of semencomes from

A

Smeinal vesicles and prostate

79
Q

Tylical ejaculate

A

2.5 to 5

80
Q

Normal sperm count

A

50-150million

81
Q

Sterile levels

A

Less than 20 million

82
Q

Three parts of urethrra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

83
Q

Connected tot he bladder and traverses through the prostate gland

A

Prostatic urethra

84
Q

Shortest part of the urethra from the prostate to the perneum secretions of bulbourethral glands are released here

A

Membranous urethra

85
Q

Also called penile urethra longes tpart

A

Spongy urethra

86
Q

Part of urethra that is lined with transitional cell epithelkum

A

Prostatic urethra

87
Q

These ar eline with stratified columnar and pseudostratified epithelium part of urethra

A

Membranous urethra

88
Q

Lines with starified columnar and pseudostratified epithelium with stratified squamous epithelim distally

A

Spongy urethra

89
Q

Engorgement of erectile tissues

A

Penis

90
Q

Tyoes of erectile tissues

A

Corpora cavernosa
Corpora spongiosum

91
Q

Covers the glans penis

A

Prepuce

92
Q

Surgical removal or prepuce

A

Circumcision

93
Q

Secual stimulation and parasympathetic nervous reflex system

A

Erection

94
Q

Process of dilation of arterioles and compresion of veins

A

Erection

95
Q

Muscle contractions close to the sphincter at the base of the bladder

A

Emmission

96
Q

Secreted into th eurehra during emmission

A

Prostatic fluid

97
Q

Sympathetic nervous reflex skeletal muscles squeezes semen out through the urethra

A

Ejaculation

98
Q

Ovarie sproduces what

A

Oocytes

99
Q

These transports eggs

A

Uterine fallopian tube

100
Q

External genitilia constiutes to

A

Vulva

101
Q

Mamary glands produce what

A

Milk

102
Q

Pairs of organs size of unshlled almonds

A

Ovary

103
Q

Middle region of the ovary composed of connective tissue blood vessels and lymphatics

A

Medulla

104
Q

Peritoneal membrane covering the ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

105
Q

Contain soocytes in various stages of development
It also secretes estrogens that function for numerous things

A

Ovarian follicles

106
Q

These ar emature follicles whihc releases an oocyte each month during ovulation

A

Graafian

107
Q

Single layer of squamous cells around the oocyte very thin cells

A

Primordial follicle

108
Q

Layers of cuboidal granulosa cells that secretes estrogen around the oocyte

A

Primary follicle

109
Q

Area where lrimary follicle starts whihc is also the area surrounding the oocyte inside the follicle

A

Zona pellucida

110
Q

This is the stage where antral cavity forms

A

Secondary follicle

111
Q

These are follicles that ar emature and reasy to ovulate antrum is more developed here

A

Graafian follicle

112
Q

Follicles ruptures releasing oocyte

A

Ovulation

113
Q

After ovulation the epty follicle becomes this

A

Corpus luteum

114
Q

Corpus luteum secretes what

A

Progesterone
Estrogens
Relaxin
Inhibin

115
Q

Completes the preparation of the uterine lining

A

Progesterone

116
Q

This works with porgesterone

A

Estrogen

117
Q

Relaxes uterine muscle anndpubic symphysis

A

Relaxin

118
Q

Decreases secretion of FSH and LH

A

Inhibin

119
Q

White scar tissue left after the corpus luteum dies

A

Corpus albicans

120
Q

Oogonia to oocytes

A

Oogenesis

121
Q

Oocytes present a tbirth

A

200k to 2m

122
Q

Oocytes present from birth to puberty

A

300 to 400k

123
Q

Oocytes during woman reproductive life

A

400

124
Q

Narrow tube that extends from th eovary to uterus

A

Fallopian tube

125
Q

The funnel shaped portion near the ovary

A

Infundibulum

126
Q

Moving finger like processes

A

Fimbriae

127
Q

Central region of tube

A

Ampulla

128
Q

Narrowest portiont hat joins uterus

A

Isthmus

129
Q

Oviduct epithleium consists

A

Ciliated cells and non ciliated cells which ar eknown as peg cells

130
Q

Site of menstruation and development of fetus

A

Uterus

131
Q

Size of uteirus

A

3 length
2 width
1 thickness

132
Q

Uterus is subdivided into three

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

133
Q

Contains seimple colimnar epithelium which is subdivided into two layers

A

Endometrium

134
Q

Functional layer of endometrium that shreds during menstration

A

Stratum functionalis

135
Q

Replaces functional layer each month

A

Stratum basalis

136
Q

3 layers of smooth muscle

A

Myometrium

137
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Perimetrijum

138
Q

Uterine cycle begins at the end of the mesntrual flow the uterine glands in this phase are sparse and relatively small

A

Early proliferative phase

139
Q

Reveals an increased thickness of the stratum funcitonalis and the glands ar emore coiled and densely packed

A

Later proliferativ ephase

140
Q

Uterine cycle begins at the ovulation maximal thickness of stratum funcitonalis is reached

A

Secretory phase

141
Q

Passageway for birth menstrual flow and intercourse

A

Vagina vajayjay

142
Q

Modified sweat glands the produce milk

A

Mammary glands

143
Q

Pigmented area around the nipple

A

Areola

144
Q

Suspend breast from deep fascia of pectoral muscles

A

Suspensory ligaments

145
Q

Develops the duct system

A

Estrogen

146
Q

Develops milk secreting glands which are called alveoli

A

Progesterone

147
Q

Stimulate milk sunthesis in the alveoli

A

Prolactin

148
Q

Stimulates milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

149
Q

Changes in ovary during and after the maturation of the follicle

A

Ovarian cycle

150
Q

Preparation of the uterus to receive fertilized ovum

A

Uterine cycle

151
Q

Fsh from anterior pituitary stimulates follicle growth increasing estrogen stimulates secretinon of lh and inhibin inhibits fsh

A

Follicular phase

152
Q

LH stimulates the rupture of graafian follicle

A

Ovulation

153
Q

LH develops corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and some estrogens prepares endometrium for possible oregnsncy

A

Luteal phase

154
Q

Rising estrogen levels growth of functional layer to 4 to 10mm

A

Proliferativ ephase

155
Q

Increased thickening 12 to 18 secretion of progesterone coincides with ovulation

A

Secretory phase

156
Q

Decline in progesterone levels causes functional layer of endometrium to discharge resulting in vaginal bleeding

A

Menstruation phase

157
Q

If pregnancy did not occur incresing level of progesteron causes

A

Negative feedback tha tinhibits lh

158
Q

Time to convert luteum to albican

A

2 weeks

159
Q

Proceeds when fertilization occurs

A

Pregnancy

160
Q

Takes place of LH and maintian corpus luteum

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

161
Q

3-4 months pregnancy corpus luteum

A

Degenrates

162
Q

Absence of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

163
Q

Pain associated with menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

164
Q

Excessive amount or duration of menstruatl bleeding

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

165
Q

Consistent inability of adult male to hold an erection long enough

A

Erectile dysfunciton

166
Q

Growth of endometria tissue outside of the uterus

A

Endonetriosis

167
Q

One of the elading causes of cancer death

A

Breast cancer

168
Q

Most common benign tumor of the female reproductive shstem

A

Myoma

169
Q

Starts as cervical dysolasia

A

Cervical cancer

170
Q

Caused by the bacterium neisseria gonorrheae

A

Gonorrhea

171
Q

Caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis

A

Chlamydia

172
Q

Caused by bacterium treponema pallidum

A

Syohilis

173
Q

Ultimately destroy the immune system transmitted through intimate sexual contact

A

Hiv infection

174
Q

This causes yeastlike fungus that grown on mucous membranes

A

Candida albicans

175
Q

Inflammaiton of vagina

A

Vaginitis vulvovaginal candidiasis

anaphy (8 decks)

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