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Anaphy > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

This provides stable framework

A

Strong bones

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2
Q

Provides firm yet flexible support

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

Storng bands of connective tissue that link bones

A

Ligaments

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4
Q

These are substances in the blood that are taken into bone and stored

A

Minerals

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles attach to bones through

A

Tendons

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6
Q

This allows movement between bones

A

Joints

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7
Q

Many bone contains cavities filled with this which gives rise to blood cell and okatelet formation

A

Red bone marrow

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8
Q

This is another term for hematopoiesis

A

Hematogenesis

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9
Q

Ecm of bone

A

Collagen
Minerals

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10
Q

Ecm of cartilage

A

Collagen
Proteoglycans

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11
Q

Ecm of ligaments

A

High in collagen

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12
Q

Ecm of tendon

A

High in collagen

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13
Q

Tough rope like proteins

A

Collagen

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14
Q

Polysaccharides attached to proteins

A

Proteoglycan

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15
Q

Mineral in bone that is in the form of caclium phosphate crystals

A

Hydroxyapatite

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16
Q

Classificaiton of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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17
Q

This are bones that is lengthy usually found un limbs

A

Long bones

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18
Q

This type of bones are usually found in hands and feets

A

Short bones

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19
Q

This are thin and flattened bones

A

Flat bones

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20
Q

These ar ebones that are not assigned to other categories

A

Irregular bones

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21
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblast

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22
Q

Osteoblast with matrix

A

Osteocytes

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23
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoblast

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24
Q

When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by bone matrix it becomes a mature bone cell

A

Bone ossification

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25
Q

Two forms of bone ossification

A

Intramembranous and endochondral

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26
Q

Ossification occurs within connective tissue membrane

A

Intramembranous

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27
Q

Ossification occurs inside cartilages

A

Endochondral

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28
Q

Two types of cartilage growth

A

Appositional and interstitial

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29
Q

Chondroblast in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edg of thee xisting cartilage

A

Appositional

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30
Q

Chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cell

A

Insterstitial growth

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31
Q

Bone sonly increases in size through what type of growth?

A

Appositional

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32
Q

Bone growth occurs at

A

Epiphyseal plate

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33
Q

Epiphyseal plate closes at what age

A

12-25

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34
Q

Zones in bone growth

A

Resting cartilage
Proliferation
Hypertrophy
Calcification

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35
Q

This is cause by increase in thickness or size because of the appositional bone growth beneath periosteum

A

Bone growth in width

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36
Q

Factors affecting bone growth

A

Nutrition and hromones

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37
Q

These are important for bone mineralization

A

Minerals and phosphates

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38
Q

Necessary for normal absorption of calcium from the intestines

A

Vitamin D

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39
Q

This is necessary for collagen synthesis

A

Vitamin C

40
Q

This hormone increases general tissue growth

A

Growth hromone

41
Q

This hormone is rewuired for normal growth of all tissues including cartilage

A

Thyroid hormone

42
Q

This hormones account for the burst of growth at puberty

A

Estrogen and testosterone

43
Q

Bones that become old is replaced with new bone

A

Bone remodelling

44
Q

Restoration of the structure of broken bone

A

Bone repair

45
Q

Calcium is stored inbones and its serum level is maintained for normal functions of muscle contractions and maintaining membran epotentials

A

Calcium homeostasis

46
Q

Bones that are united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

47
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

48
Q

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

A

Sutures

49
Q

Fibrous joints in which the bones are separated by some distance and held together by ligaments

A

Syndesmoses

50
Q

Consists of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments

A

Gomphoses

51
Q

Bones ar eunited by means of cartilage slight movement can occur at these joints

A

Cartilaginous joints

52
Q

Free movable joints that contain fluid in a cavity surrounding the ends of articulating bone

A

Synovial joints

53
Q

Three types of synovial joints

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

54
Q

These sre attachment to bones allow production of joint movement
This also produces heat as a by product

A

Muscular system

55
Q

These are responsible in maintaining bodily function important to survival and maintaining homeostasis

A

Muscles

56
Q

Involved in all aspects of communication including speaking writing typing gesturing and making facial expression

A

Skeletal muscles

57
Q

Three types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

58
Q

This is a type of muscle that is attached to bone and multinucleated

A

Skeeltal muscles

59
Q

This type of muscles can be foun in the heart and has single nucleus

A

Cardiac muscles

60
Q

This can be found in the walls of hollow organs blood vessels eyes glands skin

A

Smooth muscle

61
Q

Bundles of muscle fascicles covered in epimysium

A

Muscle

62
Q

This is covered in perimysium

A

Fasciculus

63
Q

This is covered by endomysium

A

Muscle fiber

64
Q

This is a cellular structure of the skeletal muscle

A

Muscle fiber

65
Q

Bundles of proteins myofilaments interconnected sarcomeres

A

Myofibril

66
Q

Funcitonsl unit of the muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

67
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A

Isometric
Isotonic
Concentric
Eccentric

68
Q

Muscle contraction wherein kength of muscle does not change during contraction

A

Isometric

69
Q

Muscle contraction wherein tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction

A

Isotonic

70
Q

Type of muscle contraction wherein shortening muscle contraction is observed

A

Concentric

71
Q

Type of muscle contraction wherein lengthening of muscle contraction is observed

A

Eccentric

72
Q

Types of muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch oxidative
Fast twitch oxidative glycolytic
Fast twitch glycolytic

73
Q

Bending movement so that one bone segment approximates the other

A

Flexion

74
Q

Movement of bone segment away from the other bone

A

Extension

75
Q

Position or motion of a segment away fron midline

A

Abduction

76
Q

Position or motion toward the midline

A

Adduction

77
Q

Movement of a bony segment around a longitudinal or verticla axis

A

Rotation

78
Q

Movements along a line oarallel to the ground

A

Retraction and protraction

79
Q

Structural break in the continuity of a bone

A

Fractures

80
Q

What type of fracture is caused by bending

A

Transverse or oblique

81
Q

This type of fracture is caused by twisting

A

Spiral fracture

82
Q

This fracture is caused by straight pulling

A

Avulsion fracture

83
Q

Fracture cause by compression or crushing

A

Compression fracture

84
Q

Caused by reptitive microtraume

A

Fatigue fracture or stress fracture

85
Q

Caused by normal force on abnormal bone

A

Pathological fracture

86
Q

Stages of bone repair

A

Inflammation
Soft callus formation
Hard callus formaiton
Bone remodelling

87
Q

Stage where hematoma forms as the result of disruption of intraosseus and surrounding vessels bone st the edges of the fracture dies bone necrosis is greater with larger amounts of soft tissue

A

Inflammation

88
Q

This stage is where soft callus form initially composed of collagen this is followed by progressive cartilage and osteiod formation

A

Soft callus formation

89
Q

Stage where osteoid and cartilage of external periosteal and medullary sof tcallus become mineralized as they are converted to woven bone

A

Hard callus formation

90
Q

Stage where osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity converts woven bone to lamella rbone

A

Bone remodelling

91
Q

Refer to spcifically to some degree os disruotion of the musculotendinous unit

A

Strains

92
Q

Injury of ligaments

A

Sprain

93
Q

Incomplete or partial dislocation of the bony partners in a joint

A

Subluxation

94
Q

Displacement of bony oartner in a joint

A

Disclocation

95
Q

Progressive destruction of articular cartilage and the formation of bone at the margins of the joint

A

Osteoarthritis

Anaphy (8 decks)

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