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Anaphy > Hematopoeitic System > Flashcards

Hematopoeitic System Flashcards

1
Q

Type of connective tissue that consists of cells and cell fragments in a liquid matrix

A

Blood

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2
Q

Blood makes up approxiamtely wha tpercent of total body weight

A

8

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3
Q

Function of blood that focuses on oxygen and expulsion of cabron dioxide

A

Transport

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4
Q

Makntiains homeostasis of all body fluids

A

Regulation

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5
Q

Meaning when the color of the blood is bright red

A

Saturated with oxygen

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6
Q

Meaning when the color of the blood is dark red

A

Unsaturated with oxygen

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7
Q

Funciton of blood pertaining to its ability to clot which lrevent excessive loss of blood

A

Protection

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8
Q

Warery liquid 91.5 percent warer and 8.5 solutes

A

Blood plasma

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9
Q

This synthesize most of the plasma proteins

A

Hepatocytes

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10
Q

This can also be called antibodies or immunoglobulins

A

Plasma proteins

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11
Q

Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and deliver co2 from the body cells tot he lungs

A

Red blood cells

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12
Q

Protects the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substance

A

Whit eblood cells

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13
Q

Fragment that do not have a nucleus this roevents blood loss by ckotting blood

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Percentage if total blood volume occupied by the RBC

A

Hemtocrit

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15
Q

Normal hemotcrit count

A

40

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16
Q

Significant droo of hematocrit

A

Anemia

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17
Q

Abnormally high hematocrit

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

Process bu which for ed elements of blood develop

A

Hematopoerises

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19
Q

This step of forming elemtns starts with

A

Pluripotential hematopeotic stem cell

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20
Q

Priamry site of hematopoeisis

A

Red bone marrow

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21
Q

A process of differntiaiton in which the potential to produce all hematopoeitic cell types is progressively lost until they become restricted to forming one thoe of blood cell

A

Lineage commitment

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22
Q

Increases the number of rbc precursors

A

Erythropoietin

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23
Q

Stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes primarily produced in the liver

A

Thrombopoeitin

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24
Q

Stimulate the proliferation of progenitor cells involved in defense and immune reponde

A

Cytokines

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25
Q

Also known as erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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26
Q

Diamter of rbc

A

7-8

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27
Q

Protein composed of four polypetide chains

A

Globin

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28
Q

Ringlike non protein pigment

A

Heme

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29
Q

Can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule

A

Iron

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30
Q

Lifespan of rbc

A

100-120 days

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31
Q

Requirements of erythropoeisis

A

Normal renal production of EPO
Erythroid marrow
Adequate supply og substrates for hemoglobin syntheisis

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32
Q

Sote of erythropoeiss i. Early weeks of embryonic life

A

Yolk sac

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33
Q

During the middle trimester

A

Liver

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34
Q

Last month of gestation and onwards

A

Bone amrrow

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35
Q

Synthesis or rbs start with the precursor cell called

A

Proerythroblast

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36
Q

Dervied from hemochtoblast

A

Proerythroblast

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37
Q

Firs generation cells very little hemoglobin

A

Basophilic erythroblast

38
Q

Aka polychromatophileryhtroblast stains differnt colors with basic and acidic dyes most of ribosomes and organelles degenrate

A

Intemrediate erythroblast

39
Q

Nucleus is absorbes and extruded ER is absorbed

A

Reticulocyte

40
Q

True red blood cell

A

Erythrocytes

41
Q

Circulating homrone that sitmulate rbs production

A

Erythropoeitin

42
Q

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

A

Hypoxia

43
Q

Sties of epo production

A

Kidney and liver

44
Q

EPO levels increase when concentration falls below this range

A

100 to 120

45
Q

Vitamins needed for effective rbs production

A

B9 b12

46
Q

Contianed in red blood cells which efficiently carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

A

Hemoglobin

47
Q

Types of hemoglobin

A

Embryonic
Fetal
Adutl

48
Q

Type of hemoglobin during 1 to 3 months

A

Embryonic

49
Q

Tyoe of hemoglobin 3 months up

A

Fetal

50
Q

Type of hemoglobin upon birth

A

Adult

51
Q

Rbc count in normal adult circulation

A

25 trillion

52
Q

How many hemoglobin in one rbc

A

280 million

53
Q

Oxygen loaded form of hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

54
Q

Deoxygentated hemoglobin

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

55
Q

Formed when hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide which does not combine with th eiron atoms

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

56
Q

Most common form of anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

57
Q

Faiclitates storage of iron and its release to plasma

A

Hepcidin

58
Q

Iron is stored in most body cells as

A

Ferritin

59
Q

No iron equates

A

No production of heme and globin chains

60
Q

Craving for non nutritive substances

A

Pica

61
Q

Stoppage of bleeding

A

Hemostasis

62
Q

Mechanisms of hemostasis

A

Vascular constriciton
Platelet plug formation
Fibrin clot formation

63
Q

Platelet adhesion and aggregation and fibrin clot formaiton

A

Procoagulant forces

64
Q

Natural inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolysis

A

Anticoagulant forces

65
Q

Major componenst of hemostasis

A

Platelets
Olasma proteins

66
Q

Vascular spasms immediate but temporary

A

Vascular constrciiton

67
Q

Initiated by direct damage to the walla of the blood vessel

A

Local myogenis spasm

68
Q

Accumulation of platelets that seals small breaks in blood vesels

A

Platelet plug

69
Q

Monute disc 1-4 diameter flrmed in bone marro from megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

70
Q

Thromobocytes are coated with what which lromote affinity to injured areas with exposed collagen

A

Glycoproteins

71
Q

Process of platele tplug formation

A

Platelet adhesion
Platelet activation
Platelet aggregation

72
Q

Occurs when platelet bi. To collagen exposed by blood vessel damge

A

Olatelet adhesion

73
Q

Forms bridges between exposed collagen of blood vessels

A

Von willebran factor

74
Q

Adp and thromboxanes are extruded which activates another platelets

A

Platelet activation

75
Q

As platelets become activatedthey change shape and express fibrinogen

A

Platelet agregwtion

76
Q

Results in the formation of a clot when a blood vessel is severely damged

A

Coagulation

77
Q

Network of threadlike protein fibers called fibrin

A

Blood clot

78
Q

Three essential steps of blood coagulation

A

Formation of prothromibn
Conversion of prothrombin
Conversion of fibrinigen

79
Q

Pathways of the formation of prothrombin activator

A

Extrinsic
Intrinsic

80
Q

Coagulation is what type of pathway

A

Tissue factor extrinsic

81
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Release of tissue factor
Activation fo factor x
Formation of prothrombin activator

82
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Activation of factor 12 and release of platelet phospholipids
Activation of factor 11
Activation of factor 9Activation of factor 10
Formation of prothrombin activator

83
Q

Initiated by blood trauma and is slow

A

Intrinsic

84
Q

Initiated by tissue trauma and fast

A

Extrinsic

85
Q

Act in concert to provent clotting under normal circusmtance
Exist to lreserve blood fluidity and limit blood clotting

A

Antithrombotic mechanisms

86
Q

Produces prostacyclin
Produces anticoagulant factors
Activate fibrinolytic mechanisms

A

Endothelial cells

87
Q

Major plasma orotease inibitor of thrombin
It neutralizes throbmin and other activated coagulation factors

A

Antithrombin 3

88
Q

Plasma protease inhibitor that regulates the tf induced extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

89
Q

Formed clot condenses jnto a denser compact structure through clot retraction

A

Clot retraction

90
Q

Steps in fibrinolysis

A

Plasminogen generates plasmin
Lysin binding sites permit binding to fibrin
Plasmin cleaves fibrin

91
Q

Regulation of fibrinolysis

A

PAI 1 and 2 inhibit physiologic palsminogen
A2 antiplasmin inhibits plasmin

Anaphy (8 decks)

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