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Anaphy > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Involves several body systems but functions as one

A

Immune system

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2
Q

System of vessels cells and organs that carries excess fluid to the bloodstream and filters pathogens

A

Lymphatic system

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3
Q

The interstitial fluid that eneters the lymphatic system

A

Lymph

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4
Q

Used to move back from the interstitial spaces into the circulation

A

Lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

Imprtant sites for the development of immune responses

A

Lymph nodes

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6
Q

Capable of supportin the production of mature b and t cells

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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7
Q

Process of removing sny immature and self reactive b an t lympocytes

A

Central tolerance

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8
Q

Functions in filtering and trapping antigens

A

Secondary lymphoid organ

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9
Q

Organized aggregates of b and t cells found in the sites of chronic inflammation such as in autoimmune diseases

A

Tertiary lymphoid organ

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10
Q

Origin of all hematopoetic cells
Site where b cells mature

A

Bone marrow

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11
Q

Site where t cells mature and develop central tolerance
Secretes hormone thymosin

A

Tyhymus

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12
Q

Dark staining area near the capsule and trabeculaeu

A

Cortex

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13
Q

Light staining central area of the lobule

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Concentric layers of flattened epithelial cells found in the medulla

A

Hassals corpuscles

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15
Q

Located on the left superioir part of the abdominal cavity and larges tlymphoid organ

A

Spleen

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16
Q

Contains lumphocytes an dmacrophages which surround arteries

A

White pulp

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17
Q

Associated with the veins within the spleen makes up 3/4 of the volume lf the spleen

A

Red pulp

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18
Q

Located near or on the blood vessel and filters lymph which enters and exits the nodes

A

Lymph node

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19
Q

Carry lymph towards the node

A

Afferent lymphatic vessel

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20
Q

Carry the lymph away from the node

A

Efferent lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

Size of lymph node

A

1 to 25 mm

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22
Q

Provides uspport for blood vessels

A

Trabeculae

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23
Q

Contains lymphocytes macrophages and dendritic cells

A

Cortex

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24
Q

Contains plasma cells

A

Medulla

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25
Q

Lymphoid tissue aggregates located near the entrance of the digestive and respiratory tracts

A

Tonsil

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26
Q

Oval masses located on each side of the junction between the oral cavity and th eoharynx

A

Palatine tonsil

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27
Q

Located near the juntjon between the nasa, cavity and the pharynx

A

Pharyngela tonsil

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28
Q

Located on the osoterioir surfac eof the tongue

A

Lingual tonsil

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29
Q

Bodys ability to resist damage from foreign substances

A

Immunity

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30
Q

Ability to recognize specific substances

A

Specificity

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31
Q

Ability to remmeber previous encounters with a particular substance leading to a faster stronger and longer ladting substancce

A

Memory

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32
Q

Non specific and response to foreign substances is the same for each exposure

A

Innate immunity

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33
Q

Specific and response to foreign substance is faster and stronger each time it is encounteres

A

Adaptive immunity

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34
Q

Firs tline of defense whic ar epresent at birth and gentically detemrined

A

Innate immunity

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35
Q

This prevents entry of foreign substance into the body and physically remove foreign substances from the sirface of the body

A

External defenses /barriers

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36
Q

Prevents soreading of pathogens includes chemical mediatort that desteoy oathogens and cells tha tproduces chemical tha taid in immune response

A

Internal defenses

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37
Q

Serves as s hiel that prevent microorganism and chemical to enter the body

A

Barriers

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38
Q

This includes keratin and the process of persoiratiin and sebum

A

Skin

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39
Q

This includes the vibrissae inside the nose and cilia that moves trapped pathogen up to the throat

A

Upper respiratory tract

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40
Q

This involves the acidic ph in the stomach which kills oahtogens

A

Gastrointesntinal tract

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41
Q

Most important cellular components of our immunity

A

White blood cell

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42
Q

Pathogens releases this factor that attract white blood cell

A

Chenotactic factor

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43
Q

White blood cells which contain cytoplasmis granules and lobed nuclei classified into basohpil neutrophils and eosinophils

A

Granulocyte

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44
Q

White blod cells with no visible granule and no lobes nuclei classified as monochte and lympohocyres

A

Agranulocayte

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45
Q

White blood cells which can engulf pathogens classified into macrophage neutrophils eosinophiles and mast cells

A

Phagocytes

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46
Q

Cellular ingestion and destruction of foreign bodies

A

Phagovytosis

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47
Q

Cells bind to foreign boy

A

Adherence

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48
Q

Formation of phagolysosome

A

Ingestion

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49
Q

Phagosome merges woth lysosome and is destroyed by exposure to high concetrations of oxygen

A

Respiratory burst

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50
Q

Entrates pathogen membrane

A

Defensins

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51
Q

Mechanism phagocytosis

A

Chemotaxis and adherence
Ingestion
PhagolysosomeDigestion
Formation of residual body
Discharge of waste materials

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52
Q

First cell to enter infected tissues in large number often dies and leads to pus

A

Neutrophils

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53
Q

Most important type of phagocyte and derived from monochte

A

Macrophages

54
Q

StrategicLly located in areas vulnerable to pathogen attack includes kulffer cells and dust cells

A

Fixed macrophages

55
Q

These roam aroun through tissues

A

Free macrophages

56
Q

Respond to parasitic infetions increases during allergic reaction

A

Eosinophils

57
Q

Motil cell and is also the rarest type of white blood cell

A

Basophils

58
Q

Nonmotile cells located near sites where microogrganism may enter the body

A

Mast cells

59
Q

Mechanism of nk cells

A

Detects infected or tumor cell
Secreted lerforin and granzymes
Perforin creates pores
Granzymes induce target to undergo apoptosis

60
Q

A chtokin tha tis released by infected cells as warning to earby uninfected cells

A

Interferons

61
Q

Contributes to the devleopment of signs of inflammation

A

Prostaglandins

62
Q

Amine released from mast cells basophils and paltelets and attract eosinophils

A

Histmaine

63
Q

Polypetide derived from plasma proteins

A

Kinin

64
Q

Part of adaptive immunity and begins with antipodies pathway

A

Classical

65
Q

Part of innate immunity and activated by pathogen antigen

A

Alternative pathway

66
Q

Starts of the final common pathway cleaves to form c3 a and b

A

C3

67
Q

Enhances inflammation by increasing histamine release vascula roermeability and stimulating chemotaxis

A

C3a

68
Q

Coats bacterial membrane and supplying adhesion poitn

A

C3b

69
Q

Complement proteins coat the curface of the bacterial cells putting tags

A

Opsonization

70
Q

Create ho”e in the cell membrane causing influx of ions

A

Dmbrane attack complex

71
Q

Sequence of events involving the component of innate immunity cna be local or shstmeic

A

Inflammaiton

72
Q

Cardinal sigs of inflammatiin

A

Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Loss of function

73
Q

Body defenses that are acquired through a persons lfietime

A

Adaptive immunity

74
Q

Any sibstance that can mobilize the immune system and stimulate an immune response

A

Antigen

75
Q

Non self substance that can be recognized by the immune system

A

Foreign

76
Q

Produced by the body

A

Self

77
Q

Lroduced by b cells globulin molecule in tha tblood plasma that are capable of attacking the invading agent

A

Antiboy

78
Q

Determine antibody specificity and interact with the antigenic determinant of the antigen

A

Variable region

79
Q

Mediates various effector function such as complement activation and phagocyte binding

A

Constant region

80
Q

Secondary response
Neutralizes toxins and viruses

A

Igg

81
Q

First antibody produced against an antigen
Activates the comllenent

A

Igm

82
Q

Found i;colostrum and give immune protection to newborns

A

Iga

83
Q

Antigen binidng receptors of b cells

A

Igd

84
Q

Associated with hypersensitivity and allergic reactions

A

Ige

85
Q

Oversee humorsl immunity

A

B plymphocytes

86
Q

Non antibody producing lymphocytes that constitue the cell mediated immune response

A

T lymphocytes

87
Q

Able to recognize one specific antigen by binding to it thorugh receptos

A

Immunocompetent

88
Q

Relatively unresponsive to self antigens not attacking bodys own cells

A

Self tolerant

89
Q

Involves glycoproteins on the surfaces of cells called MHC molecules

A

Lymphocyte activation

90
Q

Also known as antigen compexes on the surface of displaying cells that activate t cell to destroy infected cells

A

Mhc class I

91
Q

Antigen presenting cells ingest foreign antigen and then present the processed antigen to t cell

A

Mhc class 2

92
Q

Dendritic cells macrophages and b lymphocytes ingest foreign material then oresent antignic fragments

A

Antigen presenting cells

93
Q

Delenden ton the production of antigen specific antibody bu b cells

A

Humoral adaptive immunity

94
Q

Occurs due to individuals immune response

A

Active humoral immunity

95
Q

Natural exposure of antigen or antibody

A

Athrally acquired

96
Q

Deliberate introduction through immunicaiton

A

Artificially acquired

97
Q

Immunity is transferred

A

Passiv ehumoral immunity

98
Q

Mother to child transmission

A

Natural

99
Q

Antibodies from an animal or person who has devleoped immunity transferred to an individual

A

Artificail

100
Q

Occurs during the first exposure

A

Orimary antipody response

101
Q

Occurs when immune system becomes exposed to same sntigen

A

Secondary antibody response

102
Q

Initiaiton of classical pathway of the complement cascade

A

Complemetn activaiton

103
Q

Immune complex formation block specific sites on the corus or toxin and prohibit binding to tissues

A

Neutralization

104
Q

Igg connect the antigen through the variable region of the antibody and to a ,acrophage throug the constant region of the antibody

A

Opsonization

105
Q

Effector cells eliminate invaders without antibody involvement

A

Cell mediated adaptive immunity

106
Q

Binds to target cell and releases lerforin and granzymes

A

Cytotoxic t cells

107
Q

Stimulate b cell growth proliferation and formation of plasma cells and antibody secretion

A

Helper t cells

108
Q

Caoable fo supressing the functions of both cytotoxic and helper t cells

A

Suppressor t cell

109
Q

Overactive exaggerated immune response against an antigen

A

Hypersensitivity reaciton

110
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is also known as

A

Anaphylactic hypersensitivity

111
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease
Bronchoconstriction

A

Allergic bronchial astham

112
Q

Trigerred by house dust or pollen

A

Alergic rhinitis

113
Q

Most severe frm of systemic allergic reaction

A

Anaphylaxis

114
Q

Another term for type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

115
Q

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

116
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity is also called

A

Immunocomplex reactions

117
Q

Trigerred by massive injections of foreign antigens

A

Serum sickness

118
Q

Triggered by contact with chemicals

A

Contact hypersensitivity

119
Q

Observed with patient with tuberculosis

A

Tuberculin hypersensititviy

120
Q

Occurs due tot eh persistence of intracellular pathogens or other sibstances that macrophages ar eunable to process or destroy

A

Granulomatous hypersensitivity

121
Q

Occur due to failure in tolerance

A

Autoimmue disease

122
Q

Bhodys inability to fend of diseases due to a compromised or entirelt absent immune system

A

Immunodeficiency

123
Q

Fetus fails to form adequate akounts of b cell t cell or both

A

Congenital immunodeficiency

124
Q

Genetic disroder involving genetic mutation that affect the development of t cells and b cells

A

Severec ombined immunodeficiency disease

125
Q

Caused by factors such as diseases stress and drugs

A

Acquired immunodeficiency

126
Q

Caused by HIV suppresses adaptiv eimmunity

A

AIDS

127
Q

Looks for antibodies that the nody has made against hiv

A

Antibody test

128
Q

Look for the virus directly so antibody antigen tests detect both antibodies to the virus

A

Antigen test

129
Q

Screen for viral rna also detect the virus directly

A

Rna

130
Q

Look for copies of the viral rna

A

Dna test

Anaphy (8 decks)

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