Reproductive System Flashcards
most common gynecologic malignancy in the US
endometrial carcinoma
most common type of endometrial cancer
adenocarcinoma
most common presenting symptom of endometrial cancer
postmenopausal bleeding
condition in which endometrial glands and stroma are present outside the endometrial cavity
endometriosis
definitive diagnostic tool for endometriosis
laparoscopic exam with biopsy
sharp, exquisitely tender barb on uterosacral ligament is diagnostic for
endometriosis
endometrial tissue within the myometrium
adenomyosis
exam findings consistent with adenomyosis
tender, symmetrically enlarged, boggy uterus
most common indication for a hysterectomy
leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)
bimanual exam findings consistent with a leiomyoma
irregular contoured, hard, enlarged uterus
sagging of the uterus into the vagina
uterine prolapse
posterior bladder wall protrudes into anterior vagina
cystocele
upper posterior vagina protrudes into the upper vagina, usually after a hysterectomy
enterocoele
distal sigmoid colon bulges into posterior distal vagina
rectocele
most common ovarian growths
functional ovarian cysts
Risk factors for ovarian cancer
older, nulliparous, white, family history of GYN cancer
sister mary joseph nodule
metastatic implant in the umbilicus, indicative of ovarian cancer
bimanual exam findings that could indicate ovarian cancer
solid, irregular, fixed mass on overies
tumor marker for ovarian cancer
CA-125
HPV types linked to cervical cancer
HPV 16, 18, 31, and 33
at what age to pap smears begin
21
treatment of chlamydia cervicitis
Azithromycin 1 gram PO
treatment of gonorrhea cervicitis
Rocephin IM and Azithromycin
chandelier sign is diagnostic for…
pelvic inflammatory disease
treatment for PID
rocephin, doxy and flagyl
uterine, cervical or adnexal tenderness to palpation and motion
Chandelier sign
most common type of vulvar cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
most common symptom of vaginal or vulvar cancer
pruritus - often postmenopausal
thin, white discharge with a foul odor and a vaginal pH > 4.5 (alkaline)
Bacterial vaginosis
treatment of bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
frothy discharge with a bad odor, vulvar pruritus and a high vaginal pH
trichomonas
treatment of trichomonas
metronidazole
strawberry cervix can be seen in which infections
trichomonas, chlamydia
thick white cottage cheese discharge with a low vaginal pH
candida infection
treatment of vaginal candida infection
fluconazole
clue cells =
BV
budding yeast and hyphea =
candidiasis
motile trichomonads =
trichomonas
HPV types that cause genital warts
6 and 11
never menstruated by age 16
primary amenorrhea
not had a menses for the past 6 months in a woman who has a history of irregular menses
secondary amenorrhea
most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
pregnancy
lab findings for amenorrhea due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
FSH and LH are low
lab findings for amenorrhea due to ovarial failure
FSH and LH are high
physical, mood and behavior changes associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve after the start of menses
PMS
cessation of menses for one eyar
menopause
average age of menopause
51.5 years
Lab findings consistent with menopause
FSH greater than 30
treatment of menopausal symptoms
HRT with estrogen and progesterone
which patients can get estrogen only HRT postmenopausal
patients without a uterus
most common malignancy in women
breast cancer
most common of all benign breast conditions
fibrocystic disorder
smooth, well-circumscribed rubbery breast lumps that are non-tender and mobile - DX?
fibroadenoma
lactating woman with fever, chills, breast pain, erythema and tendernes
mastitis
most common organism to cause mastitis
S. aureus
test of choice in a patient with galactorrhea who is not pregnant
prolactin – if elevated prolactinoma is cause
failure to conceive following one year of regular, unprotected intercourse
infertility
first test when investigating infertility
semen analysis
bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia
chadwick’s sign - early pregnancy
softening of the uterine isthmus
Hegar’s sign - pregnancy
softening of the cervix
goodell sign
aminoglycosides causes which teratogenic effects
ototoxicity
tetracyclines causes which teratogenic effects
fetal teeth and bone abnormalities
lithium causes which teratogenic effects
congenital heart disease
nagele’s rule
first day of LMP plus 7 days minus 3 months
at what weeks of pregnancy is the glucose tolerance test given
24-28 weeks
when is RH immune globulin given during pregnancy
28 weeks and within 72 hours of childbirth
when is group B strep tested for in pregnancy
after 32 weeks
onset of labor to full dialtion of cervix
stage one of labor
complete dilation of cervix through delivery of infant
2nd stage of labor
begins after delivery of infant and ends with delivery of placenta
3rd stage of labor
immediate postpartum period of approximately two hours after delivery of placenta
fourth stage of labor
during which stage of labor has the highest likelihood of serious complications
4th stage of labor
treatment for incompetent cervix
cerclage
pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding and cramping but a closed cervical os
threatened AB
pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding and cramping with a dilated cervical os
inevitable abortion
pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding and a dilated cervical os who has only passed some products of conception
incomplete abortion
all products of conception are expelled prior to 20 weeks
complete abortion
embryo is not viable but is retained in utero for at least 6 weeks
missed abortion
implantation of fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity
ectopic pregnancy
development of HTN with protinuria or edema during pregnancy
preeclampsia
presence of convulsions in woman who has met criteria for preeclampsia
eclampsia
treatment for eclampsia
delivery
hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets and hypertension during pregnancy
HELP syndrome
medical treatment for gestational DM
insulin
Values consistent with GDN after 1 hr GTT
> 130
abnormal placement of placenta over cervical os, presents with painless bleeding
placenta previa
premature separation of the placenta from uterine wall, presents with painful vaginal bleeding
abruptio placenta
maneuver used for shoulder dystocia
McRoberts maneuver
first line treatment in postpartum hemorrhage
uterine massage