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PANCE Review > Ortho/Rheum > Flashcards

Ortho/Rheum Flashcards

1
Q

disruption of ligament connective tissue by sudden twisting of a joint

A

sprain

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2
Q

overstretching or disruption of muscle or muscle tendon unit, may be acute or due to overuse

A

strain

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3
Q

Salter Harris Type 1

A

fracture through epiphyseal plate with displacement

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4
Q

Salter Harris Type 2

A

through epiphyseal plate with displacement plus triangular segment of metaphysic is fractured

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5
Q

Salter Harris Type 3

A

runs from joint surface through epiphyseal plate and epiphysis

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6
Q

Salter Harris Type 4

A

fracture though epiphyseal plate, epiphysis and adjacent metaphysis

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7
Q

Salter Harris Type 5

A

crush injury of metaphysis

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8
Q

muscles found in rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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9
Q

dull ache in shoulder, difficulty reaching over head, positive drop test - DX?

A

Rotator Cuff tear

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10
Q

X-ray findings diagnostic for shoulder separation

A

> 5 mm of separation between clavicle and acromial process

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11
Q

most common type of shoulder dislocation

A

anterior

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12
Q

what nerve can be injured in a shoulder dislocation

A

axillary

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13
Q

fracture at distal end of 5th metacarpal

A

Boxer’s fracture

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14
Q

splint used for boxer’s fracture

A

ulner gutter splint

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15
Q

X-ray findings that support the diagnosis of a radial fracture

A

positive fat pad sign

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16
Q

fracture of distal radius that causes a dinner fork deformity

A

colle’s fracture

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17
Q

splint used for Colle’s fracture

A

sugar tong splint

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18
Q

fracture of distal radius with volar displacement

A

Smith’s fracture

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19
Q

splint used for Smith’s fracture

A

volar wrist splint

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20
Q

radial styloid fracture

A

hutchinson’s fracture

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21
Q

ulna fracture and radial head dislocation

A

Monteggia’s fracture

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22
Q

radial fracture usually located at the junction of the middle and distal thirds and subluxation of inferior radioulnar joint

A

Galeazzi’s fracture

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23
Q

due to forced radial abduction at the MCP joint, damage to collateral ligament of thumb, affects pincer function, pain over MCP

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

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24
Q

spint for Gamekeeper’s thumb

A

thumb spica

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25
Q

point tenderness over anatomical snuffbox - DX?

A

scaphoid fracture

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26
Q

most common carpal bone fracture

A

scaphoid fracture

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27
Q

splint used for scaphoid fracture

A

thumb spica splint

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28
Q

what nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel

A

median nerve

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29
Q

dull ache in wrist, numbness, tingling in thumb and digits 2 and 3, relief with shaking of wrist

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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30
Q

pain and numbness when dorsum of hands are placed against each other at a right angle

A

Phalen’s test

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31
Q

pain with tapping over the palmar surface of wrist

A

Tinel’s sign

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32
Q

treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

splint (at night), NSAIDs, Steroids, surgery

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33
Q

inflammation of the sheath around extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus of thumb

A

DeQuervein’s tenosynovitis

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34
Q

positive finkelstein test makes which diagnosis?

A

DeQuervein’s tenosynovitis

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35
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

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36
Q

golfer’s elbow

A

medial epicondylitis

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37
Q

painless swelling over olecranon

A

olecranon bursitis

38
Q

inflammation and progressive fusion of the vertebrae, always effects sacroiliac joint

A

ankylosing spondylitis

39
Q

decreased lumbar flexion is measure with which test

A

Schober test

40
Q

HLA-B27 + in which orthopedic conditoin

A

ankylosing spondylitis

41
Q

x-ray findings in ankylosis spondylitis

A

bamboo spine

42
Q

increased convex curvature of thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

43
Q

fixed kyphosis that develops at the time of puberty

A

Scheuermann’s disease

44
Q

lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

45
Q

tool used on x-ray to measure the degree of scoliosis

A

Cobb’s angle

46
Q

nerve compression caused by narrowing of the spinal canal

A

spinal stenosis

47
Q

position that relieves pain of spinal stenosis

A

leaning forward while standing

48
Q

C1 fracture

A

Jefferson fracture

49
Q

Bilateral C2 pedicle fracture

A

Hangman’s fracture

50
Q

avulsions of C6, C7 or T1

A

Clay-Shovellers fracture

51
Q

anterior slippage of vertebral body on inferior counterpart

A

spondyloslisthesis

52
Q

shortened leg and externally rotated

A

hip fracture

53
Q

most common type of hip dislocation

A

posterior

54
Q

limb shortened and internally rotated

A

posterior hip dislocation

55
Q

anterior drawer tests which ligament

A

ACL

56
Q

lachman tests which ligament

A

ACL

57
Q

McMurray test which structure

A

meniscus

58
Q

fluid filled bursa behind the knee

A

Baker’s cyst

59
Q

common mechanism of action for an ankle sprain

A

inversion with plantar flexion

60
Q

pain in the plantar aspect of the foot, common when patient first gets out of bed

A

plantar fasciitis

61
Q

foot fracture due to walking/marching

A

stress fracture

62
Q

fracture at base of 5th metatarsal

A

jones

63
Q

inflammatory process of the bone, can be caused by bacteria, fungal or viruses

A

osteomyelitis

64
Q

common bug causing osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

65
Q

most common organism that causes septic arthritis

A

S. aureus

66
Q

fever, chills, joint swollen, tender, limitation of motion, erythematous

A

septic arthritis

67
Q

Bone density number needed to make the diagnosis of osteoporosis

A

T score < -2.5

68
Q

Bone density number needed to make the diagnosis of osteopenia

A

T score between -1 and -2.5

69
Q

prevention of osteoporosis

A

calcium, estrogen-progesterone therapy

70
Q

First line treatment of osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

71
Q

patient with multiple tender points on exam

A

fibromyalgia

72
Q

negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout

73
Q

treatment of gout

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, steroids

74
Q

most common location of gout

A

great toe

75
Q

positively birefringent crystals

A

psuedogout

76
Q

treatment of pseudogout

A

NSAIDs, steroids

77
Q

monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid

A

gout

78
Q

calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid

A

pseudogout

79
Q

vasculitic disease involving medium sized arteries

A

polyarteritis nodosa

80
Q

symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa

A

peripheral neuropathy, palpable purpura, arthritis

81
Q

lab value used to diagnose polyarteritis nodosa

A

P-ANCA

82
Q

aching/stiffness in proximal muscles and inflammation of synovial joints shoulder/hip

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

83
Q

a reactive arthritis in response to an infectious process elsewhere in the body

A

Reiter’s syndrome

84
Q

heberden’s nodes

A

DIP joint

85
Q

bouchard’s nodes

A

PIP joint

86
Q

asymmetric narrowing of the joint space, osteophytes

A

osteoarthritis

87
Q

symmetric synovial inflammation of peripheral joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

88
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

flexion deformity of PIP and extension of DIP

89
Q

Swann neck deformity

A

hyperextension of PIP and flexion of DIP

90
Q

Labs indicative of SLE

A

Positive ANA, positive Anti-ds DNA, positive anti-Sm antibodies

91
Q

shiny, atrophic skin, raynaud’s - DX?

A

scleoderma

92
Q

dry eyes, dry skin, dry mouth, polyarthralgia - DX?

A

Sjorgen’s syndrome

PANCE Review (9 decks)

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