Renal/Urinary Flashcards
noncancerous abnormal enlargement of the prostate
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
tumor marker for prostate cancer
PSA
treatment for BPH
Prazosin (alpha blocker)
undescended testicle
cryptochordism
complication of untreated cryptochordism
infertility
first line treatment for erectile dysfunction
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (sildenafil)
patient with enlarged testicle that is non-tender and transilluminates
hydrocele
non-tender, non-transilluminable testicular mass that disappears when the patient lays supine and looks like a bag of worms
varicocele
if a varicocele is present on what side should you be concerned about an abdominal or renal mass
right
urine leakage with activity (laugh, cough, sneeze)
stress incontinence
leakage of urine due to overly full bladder and loss of detrusor function
overflow
entrapment of the foreskin behind the glans
paraphimosis
treatment of paraphymosis
emergent reduction of foreskin
inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis
phimosis
acute onset of testicular pain, may cause N/V, loss of cremasteric reflex
testicular torsion
test for testicular torsion
doppler ultrsound
treatment for testicular torsion
manual detorsion, surgery
sudden onset of flank pain that is colic in nature, with hematuria and N/V
nephrolithiasis
what size kidney stone will NOT pass on its own
> 10mm
imagine for nephrolithiasis
CT without contrast
treatment of nephrolithiasis under 5mm
pain control, hydration, alpha blocker
most common cause of UTI
E. coli
UA results that indicate a UTI
positive nitrites, leukocyte esterase, bacteria, WBC, RBC
most common cause of epididymitis in men under 35 yo
Chlamydia and gonococci
most common cause of epididymitis in men over 35
E. coli
dull, aching pain of testicle that is relieved by elevation with an intact cremasteric reflex
Epididymitis
boggy prostate in a patient presenting with fever, and pain with voiding
acute bacterial prostatitis
most common cause of acute bacterial prostatitis
E. coli
symptoms and exam findings consistent with pyelonephritis
flank pain, N/V, CVA tenderness, tachycardia
UA consistent with pylonephritis
WBC casts, proteinuria, nitrites, hematuria
painless hematuria
bladder cancer
risk factor for bladder cancer
smoking
test to diagnose bladder cancer
cystoscopy with biopsy
most common type of prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
classic triad of renal cell carcinoma
flank pain, abdominal mass, gross hematuria
risk factor for testicular cancer
cryptorchoidism
tumor marker for testicular cancer
alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
most common solid renal tumor in childhood
Wilms tumor
causes of prerenal AKI
shock, dehydration
causes of renal AKI
ischemic, nephritis, vasculitis
causes of postrenal AKI
neoplasms, stones, prostate diseases
GFR less than 60 or presence of kidney damage for at least 6 months
Chronic renal failure
most common cause of chronic renal failure
DM
hematuria and urine that is tea colored, with RBC casts in US
nephritis syndrome
UA shows protein, oval fat bodies, hematuria, RBC casts
nephrotic syndrome
test to diagnose polycystic kidney disease
ultrasound
